Hi. I started this topic in the "Multimedia" forum.
viewtopic-t-1174855.html. Now I think it's a problem with the Linux kernel.
[Administrator response: Cross-posting / duplicate posting is prohibited. If you think a topic is in the wrong forum, you should Report it with a request to move it. For now, I merged this thread (which had no responses) with the original, and left the composite in Kernel & Hardware. -Hu]
I have compiled two versions of the Linux kernel. One has all the necessary drivers built in. The other one loads an Nvidia video driver. I also have two sound cards, an Intel card on the motherboard (00:1f.3), and a separate Nvidia sound card (01:00.1). When I boot the kernel with all drivers built in, the kernel finds both sound cards. When I boot the Nvidia kernel, only the second card gets associated with an audio driver.
Here's some output from /var/log/syslog when booting the Nvidia kernel.
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Jul 8 20:26:13 localhost kernel: nvidia: loading out-of-tree module taints kernel.
Jul 8 20:26:13 localhost kernel: nvidia: module license 'NVIDIA' taints kernel.
Jul 8 20:26:13 localhost kernel: Disabling lock debugging due to kernel taint
Jul 8 20:26:13 localhost kernel: nvidia: module verification failed: signature and/or required key missing - tainting kernel
Jul 8 20:26:13 localhost kernel: nvidia: module license taints kernel.
Jul 8 20:26:13 localhost kernel: nvidia-nvlink: Nvlink Core is being initialized, major device number 243
Jul 8 20:26:13 localhost kernel:
Jul 8 20:26:13 localhost kernel: nvidia 0000:01:00.0: vgaarb: VGA decodes changed: olddecodes=io+mem,decodes=none:owns=io+mem
Jul 8 20:26:13 localhost kernel: NVRM: loading NVIDIA UNIX x86_64 Kernel Module 570.169 Thu Jun 12 20:04:34 UTC 2025
Jul 8 20:26:13 localhost kernel: nvidia-modeset: Loading NVIDIA Kernel Mode Setting Driver for UNIX platforms 570.169 Thu Jun 12 19:28:42 UTC 2025
Jul 8 20:26:13 localhost kernel: [drm] [nvidia-drm] [GPU ID 0x00000100] Loading driver
Jul 8 20:26:13 localhost kernel: Loading firmware: nvidia/570.169/gsp_tu10x.bin
Jul 8 20:26:15 localhost kernel: [drm] Initialized nvidia-drm 0.0.0 for 0000:01:00.0 on minor 0
Jul 8 20:26:16 localhost kernel: EXT4-fs (sda18): re-mounted 95358233-7da4-47b7-9f5a-72d0da20830d r/w.
Jul 8 20:26:16 localhost kernel: EXT4-fs (sda18): re-mounted 95358233-7da4-47b7-9f5a-72d0da20830d.
Jul 8 20:26:16 localhost kernel: Adding 7999484k swap on /dev/sda1. Priority:-2 extents:1 across:7999484k
Jul 8 20:26:16 localhost kernel: EXT4-fs (sda12): mounted filesystem df6f577f-1e78-4d7e-9315-89269e927487 r/w with ordered data mode. Quota mode: none.
Jul 8 20:26:21 localhost kernel: alx 0000:04:00.0 enp4s0: NIC Up: 1 Gbps Full
Jul 8 20:26:21 localhost /etc/init.d/net.enp4s0[1910]: config_enp4s0 not specified; defaulting to DHCP
Jul 8 20:26:21 localhost dhcpcd[1922]: dhcpcd-10.2.3 starting
Jul 8 20:26:21 localhost dhcpcd[1925]: DUID 00:01:00:01:2c:77:d8:7f:b8:85:84:bc:6c:6d
Jul 8 20:26:22 localhost dhcpcd[1925]: enp4s0: IAID 84:bc:6c:6d
Jul 8 20:26:23 localhost dhcpcd[1925]: enp4s0: rebinding lease of 192.168.1.10
Jul 8 20:26:23 localhost dhcpcd[1925]: enp4s0: probing address 192.168.1.10/24
Jul 8 20:26:24 localhost kernel: pci 0000:00:1f.3: deferred probe pending: snd_hda_intel: couldn't bind with audio component
Jul 8 20:26:28 localhost dhcpcd[1925]: enp4s0: leased 192.168.1.10 for 86400 seconds
Jul 8 20:26:28 localhost dhcpcd[1925]: enp4s0: adding route to 192.168.1.0/24
Jul 8 20:26:28 localhost dhcpcd[1925]: enp4s0: adding default route via 192.168.1.1
Here's the corresponding stuff when booting the nouveau kernel.
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Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: NVIDIA TU106 (166000a1)
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: bios: version 90.06.2e.c0.0b
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: Loading firmware: nvidia/tu106/acr/ucode_ahesasc.bin
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: Loading firmware: nvidia/tu106/acr/ucode_asb.bin
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: Loading firmware: nvidia/tu106/acr/ucode_unload.bin
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: pmu: firmware unavailable
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: Loading firmware: nvidia/tu106/gr/fecs_bl.bin
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: gr: firmware unavailable
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: Loading firmware: nvidia/tu106/sec2/sig.bin
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: sec2: firmware unavailable
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: vgaarb: deactivate vga console
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: fb: 6144 MiB GDDR6
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: Loading firmware: nvidia/tu106/nvdec/scrubber.bin
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: fb: VPR locked, but no scrubber binary!
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: drm: VRAM: 6144 MiB
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: drm: GART: 536870912 MiB
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: drm: BIT table 'A' not found
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: drm: BIT table 'L' not found
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: drm: TMDS table version 2.0
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: drm: MM: using COPY for buffer copies
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: [drm] Initialized nouveau 1.4.0 for 0000:01:00.0 on minor 0
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: fbcon: nouveaudrmfb (fb0) is primary device
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 240x67
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: [drm] fb0: nouveaudrmfb frame buffer device
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nouveau 0000:01:00.0: drm: Disabling PCI power management to avoid bug
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: mei_me 0000:00:16.0: enabling device (0004 -> 0006)
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: Loading iSCSI transport class v2.0-870.
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: ahci 0000:00:17.0: version 3.0
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nvme nvme0: pci function 0000:70:00.0
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: ahci 0000:00:17.0: AHCI vers 0001.0301, 32 command slots, 6 Gbps, SATA mode
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: ahci 0000:00:17.0: 4/4 ports implemented (port mask 0x1e)
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: ahci 0000:00:17.0: flags: 64bit ncq sntf pm led clo only pio slum part ems deso sadm sds apst
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nvme nvme0: 8/0/0 default/read/poll queues
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: nvme0n1: p1 p2 p3 p4 p5 p6
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: scsi host0: ahci
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: scsi host1: ahci
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: scsi host2: ahci
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: scsi host3: ahci
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: scsi host4: ahci
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: ata1: DUMMY
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xec106000 port 0xec106180 irq 128 lpm-pol 3
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: ata3: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xec106000 port 0xec106200 irq 128 lpm-pol 3
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: ata4: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xec106000 port 0xec106280 irq 128 lpm-pol 3
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: ata5: SATA max UDMA/133 abar m2048@0xec106000 port 0xec106300 irq 128 lpm-pol 3
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: wireguard: WireGuard 1.0.0 loaded. See www.wireguard.com for information.
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: wireguard: Copyright (C) 2015-2019 Jason A. Donenfeld <Jason@zx2c4.com>. All Rights Reserved.
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: MACsec IEEE 802.1AE
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: alx 0000:04:00.0 eth0: Qualcomm Atheros AR816x/AR817x Ethernet [b8:85:84:bc:6c:6d]
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: xHCI Host Controller
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: hcc params 0x200077c1 hci version 0x100 quirks 0x0000000000009810
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: xHCI Host Controller
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:00:14.0: Host supports USB 3.0 SuperSpeed
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb1: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0002, bcdDevice= 6.12
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb1: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb1: Product: xHCI Host Controller
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb1: Manufacturer: Linux 6.12.31-gentoo-x86_64 xhci-hcd
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb1: SerialNumber: 0000:00:14.0
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: hub 1-0:1.0: 16 ports detected
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb2: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0003, bcdDevice= 6.12
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb2: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb2: Product: xHCI Host Controller
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb2: Manufacturer: Linux 6.12.31-gentoo-x86_64 xhci-hcd
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb2: SerialNumber: 0000:00:14.0
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: hub 2-0:1.0: 10 ports detected
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:01:00.2: xHCI Host Controller
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:01:00.2: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:01:00.2: hcc params 0x0180ff05 hci version 0x110 quirks 0x0000000000000010
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:01:00.2: xHCI Host Controller
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:01:00.2: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 4
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:01:00.2: Host supports USB 3.1 Enhanced SuperSpeed
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb3: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0002, bcdDevice= 6.12
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb3: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb3: Product: xHCI Host Controller
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb3: Manufacturer: Linux 6.12.31-gentoo-x86_64 xhci-hcd
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb3: SerialNumber: 0000:01:00.2
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: hub 3-0:1.0: USB hub found
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: hub 3-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb4: We don't know the algorithms for LPM for this host, disabling LPM.
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb4: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0003, bcdDevice= 6.12
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb4: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb4: Product: xHCI Host Controller
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb4: Manufacturer: Linux 6.12.31-gentoo-x86_64 xhci-hcd
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb4: SerialNumber: 0000:01:00.2
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: hub 4-0:1.0: USB hub found
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: hub 4-0:1.0: 4 ports detected
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: xHCI Host Controller
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 5
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: hcc params 0x0200eec0 hci version 0x110 quirks 0x0000000000800010
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: xHCI Host Controller
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 6
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: xhci_hcd 0000:02:00.0: Host supports USB 3.1 Enhanced SuperSpeed
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb5: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0002, bcdDevice= 6.12
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb5: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb5: Product: xHCI Host Controller
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb5: Manufacturer: Linux 6.12.31-gentoo-x86_64 xhci-hcd
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb5: SerialNumber: 0000:02:00.0
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: hub 5-0:1.0: USB hub found
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: hub 5-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb6: We don't know the algorithms for LPM for this host, disabling LPM.
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb6: New USB device found, idVendor=1d6b, idProduct=0003, bcdDevice= 6.12
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb6: New USB device strings: Mfr=3, Product=2, SerialNumber=1
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb6: Product: xHCI Host Controller
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb6: Manufacturer: Linux 6.12.31-gentoo-x86_64 xhci-hcd
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usb usb6: SerialNumber: 0000:02:00.0
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: hub 6-0:1.0: USB hub found
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: hub 6-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usbcore: registered new interface driver uas
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usbcore: registered new interface driver usb-storage
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: mousedev: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: rtc_cmos 00:05: RTC can wake from S4
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: rtc_cmos 00:05: registered as rtc0
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: rtc_cmos 00:05: setting system clock to 2025-07-09T09:26:35 UTC (1752053195)
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: rtc_cmos 00:05: alarms up to one month, y3k, 242 bytes nvram
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: i2c_dev: i2c /dev entries driver
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: intel_tcc_cooling: Programmable TCC Offset detected
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: intel_pstate: Intel P-state driver initializing
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: intel_pstate: Disabling energy efficiency optimization
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: intel_pstate: HWP enabled
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: Relocating firmware framebuffer to offset 0x0000000001000000[d] within [mem 0xb0000000-0xb1ffffff flags 0x14220c]
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: pstore: Using crash dump compression: deflate
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: pstore: Registered efi_pstore as persistent store backend
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usbcore: registered new interface driver usbhid
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: usbhid: USB HID core driver
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: intel_rapl_common: Found RAPL domain package
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: intel_rapl_common: Found RAPL domain core
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: intel_rapl_common: Found RAPL domain uncore
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: intel_rapl_common: Found RAPL domain dram
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: snd_hda_intel 0000:00:1f.3: enabling device (0000 -> 0002)
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: snd_hda_intel 0000:01:00.1: Disabling MSI
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: IPv4 over IPsec tunneling driver
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: Initializing XFRM netlink socket
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: NET: Registered PF_PACKET protocol family
Jul 9 04:26:34 localhost kernel: NET: Registered PF_KEY protocol family
Any ideas how to fix this? Thanks!