Console / shell tips & tricks

[razamatan]

i have two dandy emerge related shortcuts

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alias lastmerge='less /var/log/emerge.last'
logmerge() { emerge $@ | tee /var/log/emerge.last; }

these work in concert. logmerge logs the output of a typical emerge to /var/log/emerge.last.... then, lastmerge just less's that file.

pretty dandy when you have a -Du world that's gonna be quite long.... and quite important.

[trouby]

I forgot one very key alias in my first post:

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alias pico='nano -w'

And life just became much easier. : )

Ahh, I just smiled when I saw this one! this was the second command I ran when I first had my Gentoo (after the --color one)

[Azaghal]

root@jaguar root # cat .bashrc
alias kernmake='echo make sure boot is mounted and old kernel images and libs are deleted && rm /usr/src/linux && ln -s /usr/src/*gentoo* /usr/src/linux && cd /usr/src/linux && make dep && make clean bzImage modules modules_install && cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/bzImage-gentoo && emerge nvidia-kernel alsa-driver && update-modules'
alias gamemake='echo make sure boot is mounted and old kernel images and libs are deleted && rm /usr/src/linux && ln -s /usr/src/*gaming* /usr/src/linux && cd /usr/src/linux && make dep && make clean bzImage modules modules_install && cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/bzImage-gaming && emerge nvidia-kernel alsa-driver && update-modules'
alias ckmake='echo make sure boot is mounted and old kernel images and libs are deleted && rm /usr/src/linux && ln -s /usr/src/*ck* /usr/src/linux && cd /usr/src/linux && make dep && make clean bzImage modules modules_install && cp /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/bzImage-ck && emerge nvidia-kernel alsa-driver && update-modules'
#the update-modules I'm not confident about...
#I also added ALSA (emu10k1) recently.

root@jaguar root #

On a side note, can you have grub boot to windows 2000 as in the example on page1 as well? or is it a lilo function only?

[AgenT]

On a side note, can you have grub boot to windows 2000 as in the example on page1 as well? or is it a lilo function only?

I do not see why not. I do know for a fact that it will boot XP (I have done it) so it should boot 2000 as well. I think you can boot any microsoft OS, including DOS.

Try these two for more info:

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info grub

Grub Manual

Example:

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# For booting Windows NT or Windows95
title Windows 2000
root (hd0,0)
chainloader (hd0,0)+1

Remember that grub counts from 0, not 1. Thus hda is hd0, etc.

You can also search these forums.

[Azaghal]

On a side note, can you have grub boot to windows 2000 as in the example on page1 as well? or is it a lilo function only?

I do not see why not. I do know for a fact that it will boot XP (I have done it) so it should boot 2000 as well. I think you can boot any microsoft OS, including DOS.

Try these two for more info:

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info grub

Grub Manual

Example:

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# For booting Windows NT or Windows95
title Windows 2000
root (hd0,0)
chainloader (hd0,0)+1

Remember that grub counts from 0, not 1. Thus hda is hd0, etc.

You can also search these forums.

aye I have that already, but I was actually referring to this post:

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alias 2000='su -c "lilo -R 2000" && reboot'

reboot to Windows 2000 without the LILO prompt
2000 = the lilo name for my Windows 2000 entry

Sorry for the confusion

Because if I get things right, it allows you to boot into a non-default entry in the boot loader options, without having to manually select it when the bootloader loads?

And now I wonder if you can just do 'grub -R 2000' with grub too.

[meowsqueak]

No you can't do it simply like that (unfortunately). You have to play around with symlinks and/or copying grub.conf files and this becomes a one-way trip into He^H^HWindows unless you have some way of changing them back while running Windows... (e.g. /boot on fat32).

[NoUseForAName]

I have lots of aliases to save myself some typing, many are either from DOS or even from .bat files I made in the DOS days for the same purpose:

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...
alias cls='clear' # actually, I usually just hit ctrl-l
...

Oh, didn't know about Ctrl-L, that was nice

[Slinger]

tag

[Nice]

back to this one please

I changes ls to ls --color myself, but could anyone explain to me, why it somtimes works, and sometimes doesn't work (for example it's different when I "su") and sometimes the path variable is correct, buth sometimes it is not especially "/usr/local/sbin/" is oftentimes not found. Is there a list, which programs execute which files?

i too am having this problem. where is the best place to put all these nifty aliases? in /etc/profile or in ~/.bashrc ?

i put them all in .bashrc and they do not work for root, which i would like for them to do.

You could append: source /etc/profile to your ~/.bashrc file

makes me think to put all alias in /etc/profile but others in this thread said not to do that i believe.

what to do?

p.s. i figure it must come down to preference to where / how you place your aliases but a solid example would be a nice reference

[meowsqueak]

Place a ~/.bash_profile with the following:

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# include .bashrc if it exists
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
    source ~/.bashrc
fi

Then, create your ~/.bashrc and put your aliases, exports, prompt stuff, etc in there. This will ensure your .bashrc gets processed no matter how you log in.

If you use keychain, the proper place to invoke this is .bash_profile.

For root, create similar files in /root

[Nice]

Place a ~/.bash_profile with the following:

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# include .bashrc if it exists
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
    source ~/.bashrc
fi

thanks meow that helps

going thru my machines i noticed mdk does something similar to this by default.

[Sh4d0w]

My little collection:

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alias preview "display -size 800x600"
alias show "preview"
alias resize "convert -resize 800x600"
alias rotate "convert -rotate 90 \!* \!*"
alias mflash "mount /dev/hde1 /mnt/pcmcia && cd /mnt/pcmcia/dcim/"
alias uflash "cd / && umount /dev/hde1"
alias upload 'lftp -u shadow,mypassword staff.homelan.com -e "set ftp:ssl-allow no && put -O /www/htdocs/shadow/stuff \!* && quit"'
alias nano "nano -w"
alias pico "nano -w"
alias rm "rm -f"
alias h "history"
alias hs "history | grep"
alias .. "cd .."
alias cd.. "cd .."
alias ... "cd ~"

Most of them are for making life with my digital camera easier....

[meowsqueak]

Some useful ones there, esp. the history|grep one, which I use a lot.
Btw, 'cd' does the same as 'cd ~' and it's probably quicker to type than '...' but it's up to you of course.

[SubAtomic]

I have noticed plenty of people retrieving their dynamic ip by using ...

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http://www.whatismyip.com

This is not neccessary as your dynamic ip is already stored on your local machine once your pppd starts ...

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currentip=`/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 | grep inet | awk '{print $2}'| awk -F : '{print $2}'`

[viperlin]

I have noticed plenty of people retrieving their dynamic ip by using ...

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http://www.whatismyip.com

This is not neccessary as your dynamic ip is already stored on your local machine once your pppd starts ...

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currentip=`/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 | grep inet | awk '{print $2}'| awk -F : '{print $2}'`

aye, but that does not work if you have cable/DSL and/or are behind a router so the whatismyip one is for people in that situation

[vdboor]

There used to be a whatismyip.org website, but it doesn't appear to be working now. That service only returned your IP, without any html code or whatsoever.

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ip=`lynx -dump www.whatismyip.org`
ip=`links -source www.whatismyip.org`

[AgenT]

There used to be a whatismyip.org website, but it doesn't appear to be working now. That service only returned your IP, without any html code or whatsoever.

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ip=`lynx -dump www.whatismyip.org`
ip=`links -source www.whatismyip.org`

Behold the power of Linux CLI (notice how this not possible in windows):

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alias whatip="wget -O - http://www.whatismyip.com 2> /dev/null | grep "<TITLE>" | cut -d " " -f 4"

[JPMRaptor]

Cause I'm lazy
alias d='ls --color'
alias la='ls --color -a'
alias ll='ls --color -l'
alias lla='ls --color -al'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'

VPN via ssh tunnels. The 10.0.0.x is the internal IP addess I'm connecting to. The me@ssh.myco.com is the external ssh server. Once it's connected I can access email and the intranet just like I'm there.

alias myco-imap='screen -S imap ssh -L 10143:10.0.0.2:143 me@ssh.myco.com'
alias myco-intranet='screen -S intranet ssh -L 18080:10.0.0.8:80 me@ssh.myco.com'
alias myco-smtp='screen -S smtp ssh -L 10025:10.0.0.2:25 me@ssh.myco.com'

[SubAtomic]

I have noticed plenty of people retrieving their dynamic ip by using ...

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http://www.whatismyip.com

This is not neccessary as your dynamic ip is already stored on your local machine once your pppd starts ...

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currentip=`/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 | grep inet | awk '{print $2}'| awk -F : '{print $2}'`

aye, but that does not work if you have cable/DSL and/or are behind a router so the whatismyip one is for people in that situation

Yes, I failed to mention that this is only for machines not contained behind a router ... thanks.

[dub.wav]

I have noticed plenty of people retrieving their dynamic ip by using ...

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http://www.whatismyip.com

This is not neccessary as your dynamic ip is already stored on your local machine once your pppd starts ...

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currentip=`/sbin/ifconfig ppp0 | grep inet | awk '{print $2}'| awk -F : '{print $2}'`

Or without all the unnecessary external commands:

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alias currentip='set `/sbin/ifconfig eth0` && echo ${7#*:}'

[pranyi]

I have recently added

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alias h='history | sort -k 4 | uniq -f 4 | sort -n'

to my .bashrc.

It is really handy.

[Kalin]

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kalin@sata kalin $ cat /etc/profile.d/10alias 
alias ll='ls -l --color=always' 
alias la='ll -a' 
 
alias emerge='emerge -v' 
alias merge='ACCEPT_KEYWOEDS=~x86 emerge -p' 
alias unmerge='emerge unmerge' 

alias Dmerge='USE=debug FEATURES=nostrip ACCEPT_KEYWORDS=~x86 emerge'

alias nano='nano -w'
 
alias inject='eject -t'

# Commands I cannot remember are stored here 
alias h='cat /usr/local/doc/commands' 

# Some ls commands 
alias llmod='lsmod |grep -v snd'
alias lsmnt='mount | cut -d" " -f1,3,5,6 | sort | column -t'
 
# Don't forget echo 'GREP_COLOR="1;33"' >/etc/conf.d/88grep for yellow :-) 
alias grep='grep --color=auto' 
 
# To see those temperature signs properly in a japanese locale! 
alias sensors='sensors | iconv -f iso-8859-1 -t eucjp' 
 
# I don't like localepurge, so hacked my own
alias i18n_purge='pushd . >/dev/null 2>&1 && cd /usr/share/locale && for dir in `ls --ignore=bg* --ignore=ja* --ignore=en* --ignore=ru* --ignore=de* --ignore=locale.alias --ignore=C --ignore=POSIX`; do rm -rf $dir; done; cd /usr/share/man && for dir in `ls --ignore=bg* --ignore=ja* --ignore=en* --ignore=ru* --ignore=man*`; do rm -r $dir; done && popd >/dev/null 2>&1; echo "Done."'

# I hate other date formats!
alias idate='date --iso-8601=seconds'

# A simple install for 2.6 kernels
alias install_2.6_kernel='KV=`pwd |perl -pe "s/(.*linux-)//g"` ;reset;echo -e "\033[01;33mAbout to install kernel $KV ...\nPress Ctrl+C in 5 seconds to abort.\033[00m" && sleep 5 && umount /boot ; mount /boot && cp arch/i386/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz-$KV && cp .config /boot/config-$KV && cd /boot && ln -nfs vmlinuz-$KV vmlinuz-2.6 && ln -nfs config-$KV config-2.6 && cd - && ll /boot |grep $KV && umount /boot && echo -e "\033[01;33mDone.\033[00m"'

# Beautiful report for / disk usage
alias bdu='echo -e "\033[01;33mSize,MB\tDIR\n------------------------\033[00m";                               du -msc --exclude={dev,proc,sys,mnt} /* |sort -n'

All this goes to /etc/profile.d/10alias!
I have

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 [ -f /etc/profile.d/alias ] && source /etc/profile.d/alias

in /etc/profile to load it for every user, although some have meaning only for root...

[S_aIN_t]

Kalin that is some amazing stuff.. thanks for sharing. :D

[allucid]

I was wondering what everyone's favorite (and relatively unknown...) bash tricks were. I'll start:

BangMoney: !$
Inserts the last argument of your last command
example:

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allucid:[proj]$ vim ~/.bashrc
allucid:[allucid]$ source !$
source ~/.bashrc
allucid:[allucid]$

ok...that's a pretty crappy example. But it comes in handy when you are dealing with files with lengthy paths. Like when you add a file to CVS that is 5 or 6 directory levels up, then you can just type "cvs commit !$" to commit it.

[steveb]

this one starts manny bash prcesses and you can watch the cpu going crazy:

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:(){ :|:&};:

cheers

SteveB


btw: don't do it if you are not fast enought to do an killall bash!