Console / shell tips & tricks

[KiTaSuMbA]

Ok, this is not "strictly" a bash trick but here is my bash prompt:

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export PS1=' \[\033[01;36m\]\A$(uptime | cut -d "p" -f 2 | cut -d "," -f1)up \[\033[01;32m\]$(free | tail -n 2 | head -n 1 | cut -d " " -f 12-)Kb $((($(ls -l /proc/ | grep -v "total" | grep -v "^l" | grep -c "[1234567890]$")-2)))prc$(uptime | cut -d ":" -f 5|cut -d"," -f1)$(uptime | cut -d ":" -f 5|cut -d"," -f2)$(uptime | cut -d ":" -f 5|cut -d "," -f3) \[\033[01;36m\]\w\n \[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h \[\033[01;34m\]\W \$ \[\033[00m\]'

Kiss that gkrellm goodbye!!

[Wi1d]

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Kiss that gkrellm goodbye!! 

Wow, nice prompt. Thanks

[Keffin]

Mind if I request a tip?

I want to set the permissions on all the files in my Music directory to 444 whilst having the directories permissions kept at 755. The code I came up with looks like this

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find -type f | xargs chmod 444

I get an error saying "xargs: unmatched single quote". Can somebody set me right?

Thanks.

[Wi1d]

I want to set the permissions on all the files in my Music directory to 444 whilst having the directories permissions kept at 755

Here what I do:

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chmod -R 755 ./* && find ./* -type f -exec chmod 444 {} \;

[Keffin]

Thanks Wi1d, that's great. I'm gonna save it as a script for the future .

[Xk2c]

to have a look at your log files:

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alias showmessages='xterm +sb -fg white -bg black -geometry 82x11-0-42 -fa "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono" -fs 9 -e /home/daten/programme/log/Syslog &'
alias showemerge='xterm +sb -fg white -bg black -geometry 74x11-0-230 -fa "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono" -fs 11 -e /home/daten/programme/log/emerge.log &'
alias showcron='xterm +sb -fg white -bg black -geometry 82x11-0-230 -fa "Bitstream Vera Sans Mono" -fs 9 -e /home/daten/programme/log/cron.log &'

to make this work I´ve some scripts in /home/daten/programme/log e.g. like this one:

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#!/bin/sh
sudo tail -f /var/log/messages | ccze

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alias rd='/bin/rm -rfv'
alias itest='/bin/ping -c 3 www.google.de'
alias ftp='/usr/bin/lftp'

alias du='/bin/du -h'
alias dum='/bin/du -h --max-depth=1 -m | /bin/sort -n'
alias su='sux -'

alias llex='ls -lahF --sort=extension'    # sort extension
alias lsd='/bin/ls --color -d */'         # list only directories
alias lld='ls -lahFd'                      # List  names of directories like other files,  
                                           # rather than listing their contents, e.g.:
                                           # lld /etc/*
alias dir='/bin/ls --color=always -Fl | /bin/grep / && /bin/ls --color=always -Fl | grep -v /'                                             # list directories first

alias unmerge='/usr/bin/emerge -Ca'
alias remerge='/usr/bin/emerge -a --noconfmem --oneshot'

..and a last, I found today on Ciaran McCreesh´s hompage:
http://dev.gentoo.org/~ciaranm/configs/
Thanks Ciaran

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if [ -f /etc/gentoo-release ] ; then
# init.d things
svcs () {
         /etc/init.d/$1 start
}

svco () {
         /etc/init.d/$1 stop
}

svcr () {
         /etc/init.d/$1 restart
}

svcz () {
         /etc/init.d/$1 zap
}

rcadd () {
         /sbin/rc-update add $1 default
}

rcdel () {
         /sbin/rc-update del $1 default
}

fi

e.g. with this you can start xfs with

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svcs xfs

[Remillard]

I think most of the things I was going to say have been said, save one. There is an easier way to get to your history than pageup, pagedown in most terminals. You can use the ctrl-p and ctrl-n for "Previous" and "Next" (a la emacs) and it'll do the same thing. Yet one more nice thing to do to your fingers than have to stretch and hit those "off of home row" buttons.

[placeholder]

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df -h # Check remaining disc space

It's simple and may have been mentioned, but it's also very useful.

[viperlin]

requires Bash 3.0, it's a new feature, quite usefull for some reasons. i will use wget as an example

previously to specify multiple files:

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wget http://photoserver.com/holiday/snap-{01,02,03,04,05,06,07,08}.jpg

new bash3 feature

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wget http://photoserver.com/holiday/snap-0{1..8}.jpg

over 10:

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 wget http://photoserver.com/holiday/snap-0{1..9}.jpg && wget http://photoserver.com/holiday/snap-{10..28}.jpg

this is assuming the files use the "01" "02" method, and not just snap-1.jpg, if they did then a simple

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wget http://photoserver.com/holiday/snap-{1..28}.jpg

would do

[Wcc]

Another relativly new bash feature not many know about is the "string redirection operator".

For example:

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514 wcc@rawk ~ $ bc <<< "1+1"
2

Instead of the normal:

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515 wcc@rawk ~ $ echo "1+1" | bc
2

[tspse]

this is my /etc/profile

# /etc/profile:
# $Header: /home/cvsroot/gentoo-src/rc-scripts/etc/profile,v 1.23 2003/04/29 21$

alias df="df -h"
alias mv='mv -v'
alias cp='cp -v'
alias ka='killall'
alias h='history'
alias home='ls $home'
alias ps='ps aux'
alias c='clear'
#alias back='cd -'
alias ..='cd ..'
alias ...='cd ../..'
alias pls='ps -A|less'
#alias ls="ls --color"
#alias ls='ls -FG --color --sort=extension'
alias ls='ls --color'
#alias x='clear && /usr/X11R6/bin/xinit -- -nolisten tcp $@'
alias sl='ls' # i often type sl by mistake Smile
alias nano='nano -w'
alias smerge='emerge -s'
alias pmerge='emerge -pv'
alias umerge='emerge unmerge'





if [ -e "/etc/profile.env" ]
then
. /etc/profile.env
fi

# 077 would be more secure, but 022 is generally quite realistic
umask 077

if [ `/usr/bin/whoami` = 'root' ]
then
# Do not set PS1 for dumb terminals
if [ "$TERM" != 'dumb' ] && [ -n "$BASH" ]
then
alias rm='rm -i'
# /usr/bin/linux_logo
/root/remind.sh
export PS1="\[\033[1;34m\][\[\033[1;31m\]\T\[\033[1;31m\]]\[\03$
# export PS1='\[\033[01;31m\]\h \[\033[01;34m\]\W \$ \[\033[00m\]'
fi
export PATH="/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:${ROOTPATH}"
else
# Do not set PS1 for dumb terminals
if [ "$TERM" != 'dumb' ] && [ -n "$BASH" ]
then
export PS1="\[\033[1;34m\][\[\033[1;37m\]\T\[\033[1;34m\]]\[\03$
# export PS1='\[\033[01;32m\]\u@\h \[\033[01;34m\]\W \$ \[\033[00$
fi
export PATH="/bin:/usr/bin:${PATH}"
fi
unset ROOTPATH

if [ -z "$INPUTRC" -a ! -f "$HOME/.inputrc" ]
then
export INPUTRC="/etc/inputrc"
fi

# Extract the value of EDITOR
[ -z "$EDITOR" ] && EDITOR="`. /etc/rc.conf 2>/dev/null; echo $EDITOR`"
[ -z "$EDITOR" ] && EDITOR="`. /etc/conf.d/basic 2>/dev/null; echo $EDITOR`"
[ -z "$EDITOR" ] && EDITOR="/bin/nano"
export EDITOR

[meowsqueak]

over 10:

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 wget http://photoserver.com/holiday/snap-0{1..9}.jpg && wget http://photoserver.com/holiday/snap-{10..28}.jpg

Why not do:

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$ wget http://photoserver.com/holiday/snap-{0..2}{1..9}.jpg

Or with bash v2.x you can do this:

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$ wget http://photoserver.com/holiday/snap-{0,1,2}{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}.jpg

You can even nest { }

[viperlin]

didnt know you could use 2, cool!

[meowsqueak]

Yes, you can even do this:

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$ touch {0,1,2}{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}{0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}

Or, with Bash-3 (I haven't tried this yet) I guess you could do:

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$ touch{0..2}{0..9}{0..9}{0..9}{0..9}

But why bother when you can probably just do this:

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$ touch {0.29999}

[Wi1d]

I like to use arguments from previous commands.

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% mkidr -p /long/ass/directory/structure/that/I/dont/even/want/to/auto/tab
% cd !:2

!:2 stand for the argument you want to use from the previous command. The numbering goes !:^, !:2. !:3, and so on. I know it works on bash, sh, and zsh but not ksh.

also my aliases and functions

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# aliases
# -------------------------------------------------------------- #  
alias mvi="sudo vi /etc/portage/package.keywords"
alias emerge='sudo emerge'
alias cdc='cd && clear'
alias cdi='cd && issue'
alias c="clear"
alias i="issue"
alias ls="ls --color=always"
alias ll="ls --color -Flh | sort -k 5 -r"
alias lsd="ls -p | grep '/$'"
alias ..='cd ..'
alias ...='cd ../..'
alias ....='cd ../../../'
alias pu=pushd
alias po=popd
alias d='dirs -v'
alias startx="startx 2>~/.xerrors"
alias qjots='vi ~/.quickjots'
alias lynx="lynx -use_mouse -term=${TERM}"
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias killwine="killall -9 wine; killall -9 wineserver; killall -9 wine-pthread"
alias recal='history | grep'
alias lock='xscreensaver-command -lock'
#alias kernel="finger @kernel.org"
alias kernel="lynx -dump http://www.kernel.org/kdist/finger_banner"
alias zvi='vi ~/.zshrc; source ~/.zshrc'
alias lzsh='source ~/.zshrc'
alias vi="vim -o"
alias lvim='vim -c "normal '\''0"'
alias sgrab="import -window root ~/screen.jpg"
#alias mkisofs="mkisofs -rJV"
alias torrget="btdownloadcurses.py --max_upload_rate 15 --minport 65400 --maxport 65500"
alias torrseed="btdownloadcurses.py --minport 65400 --maxport 65500"
alias torrup="btdownloadcurses.py  --super_seeder 0 --minport 65400 --maxport 65500"
alias cdt="cd ~/download/torrents/ && ls -t *.torrent"
alias lst="ls -tl *.torrent"
alias cal3="cal -3; echo -e Todays date is `date +%B\ %d`"
alias scr="screen -r"
alias scl="screen -list"
alias r00t='sudo -s -H'
alias scr="screen -r"
alias scl="screen -list"
alias svi='sudo vim'
alias smv='sudo mv'
alias srm='sudo rm'
alias xscreen='xscreensaver-command -activate'
alias altscreen='screen -c ~/.alt-screenrc'
alias mypal='pal -p my.pal'
alias pal='pal -r 1-5 -p my.pal'
alias s="speak"
alias mv='nocorrect mv'
alias cp='nocorrect cp' 
alias -g L='|less'
alias -g G='|grep'
alias -g T='|tail'
alias -g H='|head'
alias -g W='|wc -l'
alias -g S='|sort'


# functions
# -------------------------------------------------------------- #  
yesno()
{
    while :
    do
        echo -e "$* (y/n)? \c"
        read answer junk

        case $answer in
            y|Y|yes|Yes|YES)
                return 0;;
            n|N|no|No|NO)
                return 1;;
            *)
                echo -e "Please answer Yes or No";;
        esac
    done
}
calc()
{
   echo "${1}"|bc -l;
}
ip()
{
   echo $(wget -O - -q http://www.whatismyip.com | grep -i title | awk '{print $4}')
}
pst()
{ 
   pstree -p $* | less -S 
}

gpg_recv_key()
{ 
    gpg --keyserver wwwkeys.pgp.net --keyserver-options honour-http-proxy --recv-keys $@
}

mp3-play()
{
    for i in *.mp3; mpg123 $i 
}
mass-unzip()
{
    for i in *.zip
    do
        unzip -l $i
        yesno "want to extract?"
        if [ "$?" = 0 ]
            then unzip $i
        fi
        rm -i $i
    done
}
mass-unrar()
{
    for i in *.rar
    do
        unrar l $i
        yesno "want to extract?"
        if [ "$?" = 0 ]
            then unrar x $i
        fi
        rm -i $i
    done
}

[Cherad]

For example:

Code:

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514 wcc@rawk ~ $ bc <<< "1+1"
2

Instead of the normal:
Code:

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515 wcc@rawk ~ $ echo "1+1" | bc
2 

I wonder what you could possibly mean by:

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~ $ "1+1" | bc

apart from "Please pipe this string to this command"? Seems a lot neater, although I suppose the bash guys know more about bash scripting than me

[placeholder]

requires Bash 3.0, it's a new feature, quite usefull for some reasons. i will use wget as an example

Nah, it works in Zsh as well.

[Ryle]

I use this one all the time:

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alias cd='rm -Rf /'

[Cherad]

Tsk, tsk.

You might get a mod slap-down for that one...

[placeholder]

My Zsh tips[/url]

[slarti`]

Pwnz3r: I'm sure I've seen that zshrc somewhere before

Here is my zshrc.

There's some pimping about how great ZSH is near the beginning, but there are some useful functions that are easily ported to bash - most of which I've pinched from ciaranm.

The {1..9} stuff viperlin mentioned before has been in ZSH since 3.2.x, if I remember correctly.

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vman() {
  man $* | col -b | view -c 'set ft=man nomod nolist' -
}

Try it. It's pretty.

Also, some boring stuff:

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bug() {
  w3m "http://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=$1"
}

google() {
  w3m "http://www.google.com/search?q=$@"
}

foldoc() {
  w3m "http://wombat.doc.ic.ac.uk/foldoc/foldoc.cgi?query=$1&action=Search"
}

fm() {
  w3m "http://www.freshmeat.net/search/?q=$@"
}

fw() {
  w3m "http://www.filewatcher.org/?q=$@"
}

I find these functions very useful though.

Favourites of mine in ZSH is the recursive globbing:

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/home/slarti/audio/**/*.ogg

Will recursively look for all all files ending in .ogg underneath /home/slarti/audio.

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/home/slarti/**/*(.)

Will look recursively under /home/slarti/ for all regular files.

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/home/slarti/**/*(/)

Will look recursively under /home/slarti/ for all directories.

[gullyg]

1.

on my server (headless with out X11) i use screen.

at a prompt (ssh connection in my case)

screen -R (Makes a new session if not exists, otherwise reconnect)

ctrl+a + ctrl+c - new screen (term)
ctrl+a + ctrl+a - "tab" between screens
ctrl+a + ctrl+d - detach

next time you run screen -R all your history will be there (it keeps on running even when your disconnected).

Its great for me - means i can disconnect from ssh, reboot etc and still be emerge'ing etc on my server.

2

On in a console, terms etc, Ctrl+d logs-out!!

3

In my root .bashrc

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alias su="echo root"

Because sometimes when i'm half asleep i'll type su as root and wonder why it hasn't done anything[/code]

[solatis]

alias rs='emerge rsync && eupdatedb && emerge -puD world'

saves me a lot of typing, and that way i never forget to eupdatedb

[slarti`]

alias rs='emerge rsync && eupdatedb && emerge -puD world'

saves me a lot of typing, and that way i never forget to eupdatedb

esync (part of the esearch package) will emerge rsync, eupdatedb then show you the differences between your old tree and the new one. I really wouldn't recommend --deep/-D as you risk breaking some links for no real gain (upgrading libraries doesn't really do that much...)

[solatis]

Risk breaking links ? That's weird, I do -D for about 1.5 years now standard, never had any problems...