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Which GNU/Linux do you prefer to on a server system?
Debian
22%
 22%  [ 19 ]
Gentoo
70%
 70%  [ 61 ]
Else
6%
 6%  [ 6 ]
Total Votes : 86

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selberbauer
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PostPosted: Mon Jun 20, 2011 7:25 pm    Post subject: Gentoo vs. Debian as Server Reply with quote

Hi, i have used for long time Gentoo on my Desktop PC, it was much work to administrate especially when having ebuild errors. After GNU/Linux expanded on our network it was too much work for me to have them all with Gentoo even I could optimize good with ssh & so on. So i changed to Arch Linux which is now my 1# client "os".
Arch Linux as Server isn't going well: Support not enough packages, not so flexible like gentoo and not the good Dokumentation and help which I have with Gentoo.

Because of interesst I tried also debian as server but it doesn't wins my heart :) - too old packages, to conservativ, important facts missing in the wiki/tutorials.
Also quite important was that it was much easier for me to install and configurate packages on Gentoo as on debian.

I think to use more gentoo as server-"os" I have to build me an one basic stage4 with my UTF lang. important packages, initramfs and Intel Core iX optimized Kernel.

What are youre oppinions to Gentoo vs. Debian on a server?

I hope there are also some critics.

Regards, selberbauer
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AllenJB
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PostPosted: Mon Jun 20, 2011 9:29 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

I used to have a Debian server. Then I realized I was compiling most of the key packages and half their deps from source to get the configuration I wanted with up-to-date, secure packages without a massive pile of back-ported (and dubious, mentioning no particular SSL related events) patches to wade through if I wanted to check that any given security fix had been applied. It was also a pita to replicate the setup.

So now I compile everything from source on a "test box" VM, configure, package and upload to the live server. Install and tweak for live settings where necessary. All with the officially supported package manager.

And when I want a second test box to test restores or try something that sounds dangerously insane without wrecking my normal test environment, I can replicate it so easily it makes me wonder why anyone would choose anything else.
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PostPosted: Mon Jun 20, 2011 11:54 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

BSD is great for a server. Unless you need max performance, like running a web server serving microsoft.com or some other porn. Then you can't beat Gentoo. I recall somebody trying to replace their Gentoo web servers with FreeBSD because the site was so popular response times went up. They tried and switched back to Gentoo fast, FreeBSD was able to serve half of requests Gentoo did ... would still choose BSD over Debian ...although I think Debian is great maintenance-wise ... would pick it any time over RH.
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selberbauer
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 21, 2011 5:11 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

How does it look with the Support of LDAP, Diskless Booting and so on?

Until now I tried to install *BSD four times and I failed everytime.

Thats another thing I like on gentoo the installation, you have the total control and when something goes wrong you can say what it is.
This is missing by the "graphical" installers

@AllenJB same for me GNUtls OpenSSL... there's no clear way to see - I installed debian first because i thaught that debian as most server used distribution has a good support from installing services and most services have a special package espeically for debian which integrates perfect - but in this way and thaught I have been dissapointed hard
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 21, 2011 6:52 am    Post subject: Re: Gentoo vs. Debian as Server Reply with quote

selberbauer wrote:
I think to use more gentoo as server-"os" I have to build me an one basic stage4 with my UTF lang. important packages, initramfs and Intel Core iX optimized Kernel.


Yeah, I think that for many servers you can't manage each of them separately, but have some templates. A custom stage4 to get started, and possibly compiling the packages only on one host and installing them from binary everywhere else... make sure to have a testing/staging environment. I think no distro can make sure you'll hit no regressions on updates.
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 21, 2011 10:06 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

Debian is good, but is behind the current level of development. Maybe it is only my perception, but I have the feeling that Gentoo installed from Stage1 or 3 seems to start way faster than Debian does.
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 21, 2011 11:02 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

I have voted and I thin use more gentoo as server...
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 21, 2011 12:59 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

MacGyver031 wrote:
Debian is good, but is behind the current level of development. Maybe it is only my perception, but I have the feeling that Gentoo installed from Stage1 or 3 seems to start way faster than Debian does.


How often do you restart your servers? We have a Windows Server here with some database on it, that needs to be rebooted every night lol
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selberbauer
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 21, 2011 1:51 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Before Gentoo I also had a Windows Server 2008 R2 running with some shares, ADDS and so one normal settings even. Then I decided to change this with gentoo. Both run 24/7 without any crashes - End of this year we will hit the second year running threw :D (Hardware is an old AMD X2 XP with 2GB RAM and a Gigabyte Board) I will change this setting with a new Intel Sandy Bridge (H67) with a big datastorage 10TB @ RAID6. But I will use the old server then for Microsoft Exchange (I looked for open-source alternatives but didn't found any "right" solution)

The good on rolling releases is that i can setup the "update-sessions" myself. Most every 1-2 month I am using a "emerge -avuDN world" with server packages theres also hardly to update something. I think that gentoo should go much more the server way. I mean most they allready have: stable, felxibel, support

Are there some other experiences which you make about gentoo in server use.

Its very interesting to read what others do with there server/gentoos

I will also take a start of a similar post in a debian forum to hear "the other side"

Regards
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phajdan.jr
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 21, 2011 1:55 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

selberbauer wrote:
I will also take a start of a similar post in a debian forum to hear "the other side"


Feel free to post the link to that discussion here, or just copy the main points. I'm interested in learning from Debian.
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selberbauer
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 21, 2011 2:42 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

http://debianforum.de/forum/viewtopic.php?f=27&t=129977&p=832963#p832963
This one is on german, sry for that. I just checked that I am coming with my english on my border which you can easily see in my posts :D but I think that Google translator will fix this.
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PostPosted: Thu Jun 23, 2011 7:15 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

selberbauer wrote:
But I will use the old server then for Microsoft Exchange (I looked for open-source alternatives but didn't found any "right" solution)

Try Zarafa: www.zarafa.com
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PostPosted: Thu Jun 23, 2011 7:27 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

phajdan.jr wrote:
Feel free to post the link to that discussion here, or just copy the main points. I'm interested in learning from Debian.


I maintain some Debian servers and I voted Debian over Gentoo. Debian allows you the same level as flexibility as Gentoo but is easier to maintain. Once installed you only have to install security updates (with unattended upgrades this can be automated). Once you understand the way Debian works it's very sysadmin friendly. Some advantages of Debian in comparison to Gentoo:

* Package signing
* Security updates for all packages (including kernel)
* Lots of packages available
* Apt-get dist-upgrade once every three years
* Well supported with third party vendors
* Dpkg-reconfigure
* Most programs are configured out-of-the-box

That being said, all these plus features makes impossible for me to use as a desktop (works great as a low maintenance desktop though). My Debian testing install wouldn't install xfce4-goodies because it wouldn't build on the freebsd port. I upgraded to sid and now xorg stopped working. :? To make a long story shot, I think I'll be installing Funtoo on my desktop very soon.
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PostPosted: Thu Jun 23, 2011 7:46 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Kasumi_Ninja wrote:
* Dpkg-reconfigure


I'm curious - is that something similar to emerge --config? Do you have some ideas how we could "port" its best strengths to Gentoo?

Kasumi_Ninja wrote:
* Most programs are configured out-of-the-box


Similarly here, I'm interested in some examples. I noticed that some people are annoyed by that, for example servers being started just by installing a package - how does that work for you in practice?
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PostPosted: Thu Jun 23, 2011 8:01 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Quote:
Debian allows you the same level as flexibility as Gentoo but is easier to maintain.


What features of the binary package manager allow you to do this? I found Debian to be nowhere as near as configurable as Gentoo. To run PHP with gd, I was forced to install large amounts of the X platform on Debian, while on Gentoo I only need the bare minimum. That was before I started installing PHP from scratch because I couldn't find any other way to get the setup I wanted. On Gentoo I just set the USE flags correctly and my whole system works exactly as I want it.

Kasumi_Ninja wrote:
Some advantages of Debian in comparison to Gentoo:

Oh, really...

Quote:
* Package signing

Well, yeah, there is that. But frankly, given my history with it, I trust and prefer Gentoo's packages over Debian's any day...

Quote:
* Security updates for all packages (including kernel)

The way Debian does this, I believe is a disadvantage. Debian back-ports patches to older versions of the code, and also attempts to write their own patches.

This results in code that has not actually been fully tested by upstream and in many cases, I found, wasn't supported by upstream because of those extra patches.

In several cases (most notably the OpenSSL debacle) this has resulted in major security holes being left in key packages for several years because the patch was broken in some manner (often because the patcher didn't know the code well enough) and not fully tested.

Quote:
* Lots of packages available

Er, Gentoo has this too. How exactly is Debian better in this area?

I consider Gentoo to be better in this area - there's a large availability of experimental packages in numerous overlays - many with excellent support (including the "official" overlays on overlays.gentoo.org). And if a package doesn't exist for the application, it frequently takes no more than 30 minutes to write and test one, shove it in my personal overlay for easy access from all my machines and then submit it to bugs.gentoo.org for all to share.

And when I've had any trouble writing packages, #gentoo-dev-help has been an excellent resource for fixing issues in my ebuilds or just checking and improving them.

Quote:
* Apt-get dist-upgrade once every three years

Having run a Debian server, I consider this to be a disadvantage. Even if the patched packages Debian produces are supported by upstream, they're often for such an old version that getting support is problematic because everyone else is using a recent version which has feature x which makes doing y ten times easier, and no one knows or can be bothered explaining the old, long way of doing it.

It's a major disadvantage if you do anything with scripting languages like PHP because you get stuck without all the latest features and functionality that can make your applications faster (to run or write) and more secure.

Quote:
* Well supported with third party vendors

As explained above, I frequently found this not to be the case, either due to the patches Debian applied or simply that I was running such an old version of the package. I've never had this problem with Gentoo.

Quote:
* Dpkg-reconfigure

Does what exactly? I'm sure I used to know this, but I haven't touched Debian in years. Sounds hacky to me tho. I want to reconfigure things on Gentoo, I get out a text editor and edit the config file.

Quote:
* Most programs are configured out-of-the-box

Often badly or in configurations not recommended by upstream. IIRC Debian also had an annoying habit of overwriting config files randomly and (re)starting services as soon as they were installed / updated without allowing me to configure them correctly first.

Gentoo on the other hand has never overwritten a config file without asking me first (via dispatch-conf, which I find to be an awesome utility, especially when combined with rcs and colordiff for backups and easier to scan diffs).

Frankly, I prefer my applications configured as close to upstream preferences as possible. In my experience it makes support a lot easier to find.


Things may have improved since I stopped using it, but given my experiences I don't think I'd ever recommend Debian being suitable for web servers. It may be suitable some other areas where the tools aren't being improved at such a fast pace, but even then for ease of administration, I'd probably still go with Gentoo.

For the record, other than security updates, I update my Gentoo web server about once every 4 - 6 months (mainly depending on if I find something interesting to play with and want to install the latest version).
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PostPosted: Fri Jun 24, 2011 10:47 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

If you just want a simple server that you do not want to care much about, then probably Debian is your choice: Just install and configure it, then update it from time to time (updates are really painless here).

If you need the flexibility Gentoo offers, then well...
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PostPosted: Fri Jun 24, 2011 6:22 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

phajdan.jr wrote:
Kasumi_Ninja wrote:
* Dpkg-reconfigure


I'm curious - is that something similar to emerge --config? Do you have some ideas how we could "port" its best strengths to Gentoo?

The thing Debian has there that emerge --config doesn't (well, most of portage actually) is MVC-separated design; everything in it works equally well with all of the ncurses/readline/GTK/unwritten frontends they have.
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 28, 2011 4:20 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

phajdan.jr wrote:
Kasumi_Ninja wrote:
* Dpkg-reconfigure


I'm curious - is that something similar to emerge --config? Do you have some ideas how we could "port" its best strengths to Gentoo?

Kasumi_Ninja wrote:
* Most programs are configured out-of-the-box


Similarly here, I'm interested in some examples. I noticed that some people are annoyed by that, for example servers being started just by installing a package - how does that work for you in practice?


Dpkg-reconfigure for example helps you to set up a posfix mail server by asking a few simple questions.Off course you can always copy the default postfix config file and do a manual config. Whenever I install a service (e.g. cups) I do this because I want to use it. Therefor I find it very convenient when services are started automatically and added to the preferred runlevel. When I don't wnat a service started automatically I can always easily remove it with rcconf. Manually starting and adding devices for programs I install is in my opinion tedious and unnecessary.
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 28, 2011 4:48 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

@AllenJB
Thats are lots of comments I'll try to address some of these. Disclaimer, although I use Debian for a couple of years now I still l like Gentoo I just don't think it's suitable for a server.


AllenJB wrote:
Quote:
Debian allows you the same level as flexibility as Gentoo but is easier to maintain.
What features of the binary package manager allow you to do this? I found Debian to be nowhere as near as configurable as Gentoo. To run PHP with gd, I was forced to install large amounts of the X platform on Debian, while on Gentoo I only need the bare minimum. That was before I started installing PHP from scratch because I couldn't find any other way to get the setup I wanted. On Gentoo I just set the USE flags correctly and my whole system works exactly as I want it.

True USEflags is one of Gentoo's strengths. But Debian is also very flexible

*Support many architectures
*Supports freebsd kernel
*Can be installed on several NAS devices
*Can be installed with debootstrap using a livecd (just like stage3)
*Packages can relatively easily recompiled
*Kernels can be easily recompiled
*Binary packages are divided in smaller packages (functions as USEflag lite)
*Can also be installed on lold hardware

Off course Gentoo also do all of these, In my opinion Debian makes it a little easier. To install gentoo on a NAS you first need to set up a cross compile and a binhost.


Quote:
* Package signing

AllenJB wrote:
Well, yeah, there is that. But frankly, given my history with it, I trust and prefer Gentoo's packages over Debian's any day...

Gentoo shipped a trojan in portage not too long ago

Quote:
* Security updates for all packages (including kernel)

AllenJB wrote:
The way Debian does this, I believe is a disadvantage. Debian back-ports patches to older versions of the code, and also attempts to write their own patchesThis results in code that has not actually been fully tested by upstream and in many cases, I found, wasn't supported by upstream because of those extra patches. In several cases (most notably the OpenSSL debacle) this has resulted in major security holes being left in key packages for several years because the patch was broken in some manner (often because the patcher didn't know the code well enough) and not fully tested.

ssl was a well documented mistake, you mentioned several cases. Which are the others?


Quote:
* Lots of packages available

AllenJB wrote:
Er, Gentoo has this too. How exactly is Debian better in this area?

Debian is better in my opinion because it gives security support on all packages in it's repositories. And there are problems with Gentoo's GLSA's


Quote:
* Apt-get dist-upgrade once every three years

AllenJB wrote:
Having run a Debian server, I consider this to be a disadvantage. Even if the patched packages Debian produces are supported by upstream, they're often for such an old version that getting support is problematic because everyone else is using a recent version which has feature x which makes doing y ten times easier, and no one knows or can be bothered explaining the old, long way of doing it.

It's a major disadvantage if you do anything with scripting languages like PHP because you get stuck without all the latest features and functionality that can make your applications faster (to run or write) and more secure.

Debian provides a complete OS. There is no need to go to upstream. When problems arise file a bug with Debian. And if you require newer packages there is debian backports, you can easily backport a package yoruself, use Debian testing or use apt pinning. Besides 75% of gentoo's portage is considered obsolete when compared to upstream: http://oswatershed.org/

Quote:
* Most programs are configured out-of-the-box

AllenJB wrote:
[Often badly or in configurations not recommended by upstream. IIRC Debian also had an annoying habit of overwriting config files randomly and (re)starting services as soon as they were installed / updated without allowing me to configure them correctly first.

Can you give an example of badly configured programs? In the 5 years I use Debian I didn't have single config file overwritten randomly.

AllenJB wrote:
[Frankly, I prefer my applications configured as close to upstream preferences as possible. In my experience it makes support a lot easier to find.

If you prefer to stay as close to upstream as possible then indeed Gentoo or arch is a better choice. When you use Debian , Debian itself becomes upstream because of the modifications they make. Everything is well documented though in the README.Debian inj /usr/share/doc
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 28, 2011 5:56 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

I generally agree with most of the points, and I think we can adopt many of those features in Gentoo. Some comments below.

Kasumi_Ninja wrote:
Quote:
* Lots of packages available

AllenJB wrote:
Er, Gentoo has this too. How exactly is Debian better in this area?

Debian is better in my opinion because it gives security support on all packages in it's repositories.


I think they don't support experimental and things like that... Gentoo ~arch and hard masked would be similar here.

Kasumi_Ninja wrote:
And there are problems with Gentoo's GLSA's


Right, this is a problem.

Kasumi_Ninja wrote:
Debian provides a complete OS. There is no need to go to upstream. When problems arise file a bug with Debian.


Packagers can't be experts in everything. Some issues can only be fixed by upstream. I frequently consult other people about fixes for www-client/chromium, although I'm a part of that upstream. Similarly, Debian maintainers also frequently ask questions, especially security-related. In all of those situations upstream plays an important role.

Kasumi_Ninja wrote:
Besides 75% of gentoo's portage is considered obsolete when compared to upstream: http://oswatershed.org/


This is an unreliable resource. You can check with eix, portage.gentoo.org, or anything else. At least for Gentoo, the latest package versions are not reported reliably on that site. I have e-mailed the site author about those problems and he acknowledged them.
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 28, 2011 6:20 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

phajdan.jr wrote:
I generally agree with most of the points, and I think we can adopt many of those features in Gentoo.

I agree :)

phajdan.jr wrote:
I think they don't support experimental and things like that... Gentoo ~arch and hard masked would be similar here.

Testing gets security updates, sid is rolling and provides security updates with regular updates much like arch.

phajdan.jr wrote:
IPackagers can't be experts in everything. Some issues can only be fixed by upstream. I frequently consult other people about fixes for www-client/chromium, although I'm a part of that upstream. Similarly, Debian maintainers also frequently ask questions, especially security-related. In all of those situations upstream plays an important role.

True, however my point is that there is no need for the end user to contact upstream. You should first file a bugreport with Debian

phajdan.jr wrote:
This is an unreliable resource. You can check with eix, portage.gentoo.org, or anything else. At least for Gentoo, the latest package versions are not reported reliably on that site. I have e-mailed the site author about those problems and he acknowledged them.

I hope they fix this, I really like that site.

Something else Debian not only has a lot of developers. They also succeed in attracting in more developers: http://www.debian.org/News/weekly/2011/10/#newcontributors
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 28, 2011 10:11 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

phajdan.jr wrote:
I generally agree with most of the points, and I think we can adopt many of those features in Gentoo. Some comments below.

...

Kasumi_Ninja wrote:
Debian provides a complete OS. There is no need to go to upstream. When problems arise file a bug with Debian.


Packagers can't be experts in everything. Some issues can only be fixed by upstream. I frequently consult other people about fixes for www-client/chromium, although I'm a part of that upstream. Similarly, Debian maintainers also frequently ask questions, especially security-related. In all of those situations upstream plays an important role.

Kasumi_Ninja wrote:
Besides 75% of gentoo's portage is considered obsolete when compared to upstream: http://oswatershed.org/


This is an unreliable resource. You can check with eix, portage.gentoo.org, or anything else. At least for Gentoo, the latest package versions are not reported reliably on that site. I have e-mailed the site author about those problems and he acknowledged them.


To add to this:

While filing bugs and such with the distro is fine, if I want to configure software, the first place I go to is the official upstream documentation. If I'm trying to configure $package, I'll go for help in #$package on Freenode because I'm more likely to find people who use the software every day there. It has been my experience that with some packages Debian rewrote the configuration files / install locations / etc so much that the upstream documentation was useless as or features didn't work as expected because of issues with patches.

A distro should not deviate so much from the upstream configuration that the official documentation becomes useless or does not work as expected.


With regards to obsolete %age, assuming those figures have any sort of reliability, Debian is even worse at 95%. Also, the figures do not take into account the fact that with Gentoo you can freely use the testing version of individual packages and these versions are supported as well as the "stable" versions, while with binary distros like Debian you are either forced to switch the entire distro to an often less well supported testing branch or pull in newer versions of every dependency from the testing branch too (Try this with a library heavy scripting language like PHP and it very quickly becomes not fun).

Additionally, these figures don't take into account the use of overlays. A lot of groups - especially those involving large packages such as Gnome, KDE or Java make heavy use of overlays for developing and testing packages, only adding them to the main tree when they are sure the ebuilds are working correctly.

To take NetworkManager as an example, OS Watershed shows Gentoo having 0.6.6 stable and 0.7.1 as the most recent testing version. eix, sync'd earlier this week, shows:
Code:

* net-misc/networkmanager
     Available versions:  ~0.7.0[12] ~0.7.0-r2[11] ~0.7.1-r1[11] 0.8-r1 0.8-r1[9] **0.8.0_pre20100101-r1[14] ~0.8.1-r6 ~0.8.1-r6[9] ~0.8.2-r1 ~0.8.2-r1[9] ~0.8.2-r2 ~0.8.2-r2[9] ~0.8.2-r6 ~0.8.2-r6[9] ~0.8.2-r10 ~0.8.2-r10[9] ~0.8.2-r10[13] ~0.8.4.0-r1 ~0.8.996-r1[4] ~0.9_beta3[2] ~9999[1] ~9999[5] **9999[9] ~9999[10] ~9999[11] {+applet avahi bluetooth connection-sharing (+)dhclient (+)dhcpcd doc (+)gnutls +introspection kernel_linux lib32 modemmanager nls (+)nss +ppp resolvconf wimax}                                                 
     Homepage:            http://www.gnome.org/projects/NetworkManager/
     Description:         Network configuration and management in an easy way. Desktop environment independent.

[1] "alexxy" layman/alexxy
[2] "dagger" layman/dagger
[3] "gentoo-quebec" layman/gentoo-quebec
[4] "gnome" layman/gnome
[5] "gnome-live" layman/gnome-live
[6] "ikelos" layman/ikelos
[7] "kde" layman/kde
[8] "kde-sunset" layman/kde-sunset
[9] "multilib" layman/multilib
[10] "piczu" layman/piczu
[11] "rbu" layman/rbu
[12] "steev" layman/steev
[13] "systemd" layman/systemd
[14] "wolf31o2" layman/wolf31o2



That's 0.8-r1 stable, 0.8.4.0 most recent "unstable" in the main tree, 0.8.996-r1 in the Gnome overlay, 0.9 beta3 most recent unstable in another overlay and then there's the "live" 9999 version in no less than 5 overlays (including the Gnome Live overlay).

So not only does it not account for the way things work on Gentoo, the data for the current official tree is well out of date.
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disi
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 28, 2011 10:20 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

AllenJB wrote:

That's 0.8-r1 stable, 0.8.4.0 most recent "unstable" in the main tree, 0.8.996-r1 in the Gnome overlay, 0.9 beta3 most recent unstable in another overlay and then there's the "live" 9999 version in no less than 5 overlays (including the Gnome Live overlay).

So not only does it not account for the way things work on Gentoo, the data for the current official tree is well out of date.


I just had an idea :D

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64 packages (33 upgrades, 27 new, 4 in new slots, 2 uninstalls)

all of those -9999
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John R. Graham
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PostPosted: Tue Jun 28, 2011 11:24 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

On an only partially unrelated note, I was just over on the Democratic National Committee web site. Seems they have data to support the contention that most Democrats actually prefer the Democratic Party. Who knew?

- John
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xahodo
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PostPosted: Tue Jul 05, 2011 1:42 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

A server should run stable (debian stable is tested to death), not have unneeded packages and (e.g. a compiler, unless it's a compile farm). I would really hate gentoo as a server.
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