user undervolting

[albright]

I've got a fujitsu p7010 centrino and I've heard of a windows
utility that lets you "dynamically" set the cpu voltage (it's
called rightmark). This extends battery life, lowers temperatures,
and reduces fan noise (so I'm told).

Is there any equivalent utility for linux? Or some magic number
you could write to some magic place in /sys or something?

Just curious ...

[moocha]

https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-284375.html
https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-329382.html
https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-340193.html
http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/power-management-guide.xml

Please don't be lazy. Search is there for a reason.
_________________
Military Commissions Act of 2006: http://tinyurl.com/jrcto

"Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety."
-- attributed to Benjamin Franklin

[bollucks]

Why assume that cpu frequency control==undervolting? Undervolting is changing the actual core voltage to reduce power usage more than cpu frequency alone can do, and thus also decrease heat and also noise from the cooling. I have yet to see anything that does it in software in linux. There is a utility for later amds on linux but not the centrino as far as I'm aware.

[ian!]

[albright]

I put up this post:

https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-341298-highlight-.html

first in kernel and hardware. It was moved to
"redundant posts" after a "veteran"
gave a bunch of links to cpufreq discussions
which so far as I could see do not address my
issue ...

I call BS on this one. My question was: is there a utility
(like rightmark for windows) which allows the use
to control the core cpu voltage. This is NOT the same
as the cpufreq and speedstep technology. I wanted
to reduce the core voltage AND run the cpu at
top speed (for obvious reasons plus fun).

So I'm kind of bugged about this.

[pjp]

Clueless users (Moved from OTG).
_________________
Quis separabit? Quo animo?

[Naib]

reducing CORE voltage AND increasing switching freqency is not a good idea.

When you increase the switching freqency, the power avaialble in the syncronous clock cannot be gueneteed to be sufficent to ensure it shap is sufficent. Increasing CORE voltage ensure that the clock keeps its profile

That is why you have to increase CORE voltage with increase CPU speed.
This doesnt answer your question, just an aside.

have you googled?
and why insult admins?
_________________

[albright]

yes, I've googled and I had searched the gentoo forums
At a site devoted to laptops I found that undervolting the fujitsu p7010 (centrino)
has been very successful in windows land. The system
remains stable and battery use, heat and hence fan use
are substantially decreased. So I thought it would be
fun to try in linux if there's a way to do it.

so I asked on kernel & hardware forum, and was moderated
"redundant" and post deleted.

I insult the moderator for not doing his/her job. My post had
nothing to do with cpufreq (ostensible reason for deletion).

I'm too easily annoyed I guess ...

[pilla]

AFAIK, cpufreq does both voltage and clock scaling (together)


reference
_________________
"I'm just very selective about the reality I choose to accept." -- Calvin

[pilla]

[albright]

[pilla]

[nixnut]

[pilla]

[albright]

[pilla]

Brought back from Dup Threads as the same discussion was going on GFF.
_________________
"I'm just very selective about the reality I choose to accept." -- Calvin

[rschwarze]

You can change the voltage manually, if you use the file "speedstep-centrino.c". This file is in the kernel for the old banias centrino, but you could also use it for your dothan or sonoma centrino.

What you have to do:

X86_SPEEDSTEP_CENTRINO_ACPI =n in your kernel, so that the kernel doesn't use the acpi-tables to get the frequency-voltage pairs.

Then you have to edit /usr/src/linux/arch/i386/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/speedstep-centrino.c and recompile the kernel. thats all.

Here is the interesting part of my speedstep-centrino.c, I have already add some dothan and one sonoma centrino and edited the 1.4 Dothan voltages to my favourit values ;) it works very nice, my notebook is cool and quiet now!


struct cpu_id
{
__u8 x86; /* CPU family */
__u8 x86_model; /* model */
__u8 x86_mask; /* stepping */
};

enum {
CPU_BANIAS,
CPU_DOTHAN_A1,
CPU_DOTHAN_A2,
CPU_DOTHAN_B0,
CPU_DOTHAN_C0,
};

static const struct cpu_id cpu_ids[] = {
[CPU_BANIAS] = { 6, 9, 5 },
[CPU_DOTHAN_A1] = { 6, 13, 1 },
[CPU_DOTHAN_A2] = { 6, 13, 2 },
[CPU_DOTHAN_B0] = { 6, 13, 6 },
[CPU_DOTHAN_C0] = { 6, 13, 8 },
};
#define N_IDS (sizeof(cpu_ids)/sizeof(cpu_ids[0]))

struct cpu_model
{
const struct cpu_id *cpu_id;
const char *model_name;
unsigned max_freq; /* max clock in kHz */

struct cpufreq_frequency_table *op_points; /* clock/voltage pairs */
};
static int centrino_verify_cpu_id(const struct cpuinfo_x86 *c, const struct cpu_id *x);

/* Operating points for current CPU */
static struct cpu_model *centrino_model[NR_CPUS];
static const struct cpu_id *centrino_cpu[NR_CPUS];

static struct cpufreq_driver centrino_driver;

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_CENTRINO_TABLE

/* Computes the correct form for IA32_PERF_CTL MSR for a particular
frequency/voltage operating point; frequency in MHz, volts in mV.
This is stored as "index" in the structure. */
#define OP(mhz, mv) \
{ \
.frequency = (mhz) * 1000, \
.index = (((mhz)/100) << 8) | ((mv - 700) / 16) \
}

/*
* These voltage tables were derived from the Intel Pentium M
* datasheet, document 25261202.pdf, Table 5. I have verified they
* are consistent with my IBM ThinkPad X31, which has a 1.3GHz Pentium
* M.
*/

/* Ultra Low Voltage Intel Pentium M processor 900MHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_900[] =
{
OP(600, 844),
OP(800, 988),
OP(900, 1004),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Ultra Low Voltage Intel Pentium M processor 1000MHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1000[] =
{
OP(600, 844),
OP(800, 972),
OP(900, 988),
OP(1000, 1004),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Low Voltage Intel Pentium M processor 1.10GHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1100[] =
{
OP( 600, 956),
OP( 800, 1020),
OP( 900, 1100),
OP(1000, 1164),
OP(1100, 1180),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};


/* Low Voltage Intel Pentium M processor 1.20GHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1200[] =
{
OP( 600, 956),
OP( 800, 1004),
OP( 900, 1020),
OP(1000, 1100),
OP(1100, 1164),
OP(1200, 1180),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 1.30GHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1300[] =
{
OP( 600, 956),
OP( 800, 1260),
OP(1000, 1292),
OP(1200, 1356),
OP(1300, 1388),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 1.40GHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1400[] =
{
OP( 600, 956),
OP( 800, 1180),
OP(1000, 1308),
OP(1200, 1436),
OP(1400, 1484),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 1.50GHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1500[] =
{
OP( 600, 956),
OP( 800, 1116),
OP(1000, 1228),
OP(1200, 1356),
OP(1400, 1452),
OP(1500, 1484),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 1.60GHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1600[] =
{
OP( 600, 956),
OP( 800, 1036),
OP(1000, 1164),
OP(1200, 1276),
OP(1400, 1420),
OP(1600, 1484),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 1.70GHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1700[] =
{
OP( 600, 956),
OP( 800, 1004),
OP(1000, 1116),
OP(1200, 1228),
OP(1400, 1308),
OP(1700, 1484),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};
#undef OP

/* Dothan processor datasheet 30218903.pdf defines 4 voltages for each
frequency (VID#A through VID#D) - this macro allows us to define all
of these but we only use the VID#C voltages at compile time - this may
need some work if we want to select the voltage profile at runtime. */

#define OP(mhz, mva, mvb, mvc, mvd) \
{ \
.frequency = (mhz) * 1000, \
.index = (((mhz)/100) << 8) | ((mvc - 700) / 16) \
}

/* Intel Pentium M processor 710 / 1.40GHz (Dothan) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table dothan_1400[] =
{
OP( 600, 700, 700, 700, 700),
OP( 800, 770, 770, 770, 770),
OP(1000, 840, 840, 840, 840),
OP(1200, 910, 910, 910, 910),
OP(1400, 980, 980, 980, 980),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 715 / 1.50GHz (Dothan) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table dothan_1500[] =
{
OP( 600, 988, 988, 988, 988),
OP( 800, 1068, 1068, 1068, 1052),
OP(1000, 1148, 1148, 1132, 1116),
OP(1200, 1228, 1212, 1212, 1180),
OP(1500, 1340, 1324, 1308, 1276),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 725 / 1.60GHz (Dothan) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table dothan_1600[] =
{
OP( 600, 988, 988, 988, 988),
OP( 800, 1068, 1068, 1052, 1052),
OP(1000, 1132, 1132, 1116, 1116),
OP(1200, 1212, 1196, 1180, 1164),
OP(1400, 1276, 1260, 1244, 1228),
OP(1600, 1340, 1324, 1308, 1276),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 735 / 1.70GHz (Dothan) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table dothan_1700[] =
{
OP( 600, 988, 988, 988, 988),
OP( 800, 1052, 1052, 1052, 1052),
OP(1000, 1116, 1116, 1116, 1100),
OP(1200, 1180, 1180, 1164, 1148),
OP(1400, 1244, 1244, 1228, 1212),
OP(1700, 1340, 1324, 1308, 1276),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 745 / 1.80GHz (Dothan) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table dothan_1800[] =
{
OP( 600, 988, 988, 988, 988),
OP( 800, 1052, 1052, 1052, 1036),
OP(1000, 1116, 1100, 1100, 1084),
OP(1200, 1164, 1164, 1148, 1132),
OP(1400, 1228, 1212, 1212, 1180),
OP(1600, 1292, 1276, 1260, 1228),
OP(1800, 1340, 1324, 1308, 1276),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 755 / 2.00GHz (Dothan) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table dothan_2000[] =
{
OP( 600, 988, 988, 988, 988),
OP( 800, 1052, 1036, 1036, 1036),
OP(1000, 1100, 1084, 1084, 1084),
OP(1200, 1148, 1132, 1132, 1116),
OP(1400, 1196, 1180, 1180, 1164),
OP(1600, 1244, 1228, 1228, 1196),
OP(1800, 1292, 1276, 1276, 1244),
OP(2000, 1340, 1324, 1308, 1276),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 750 / 1.86GHz (Dothan) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table dothan_1867[] =
{
OP( 800, 880, 880, 880, 880),
OP(1333, 1010, 1010, 1010, 1010),
OP(1867, 1120, 1120, 1120, 1120),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};
#undef OP

#define _BANIAS(cpuid, max, name) \
{ .cpu_id = cpuid, \
.model_name = "Intel(R) Pentium(R) M processor " name "MHz", \
.max_freq = (max)*1000, \
.op_points = banias_##max, \
}
#define BANIAS(max) _BANIAS(&cpu_ids[CPU_BANIAS], max, #max)

#define DOTHAN(cpuid, max, name) \
{ .cpu_id = cpuid, \
.model_name = "Intel(R) Pentium(R) M processor " name "GHz", \
.max_freq = (max)*1000, \
.op_points = dothan_##max, \
}

/* CPU models, their operating frequency range, and freq/voltage
operating points */
static struct cpu_model models[] =
{
_BANIAS(&cpu_ids[CPU_BANIAS], 900, " 900"),
BANIAS(1000),
BANIAS(1100),
BANIAS(1200),
BANIAS(1300),
BANIAS(1400),
BANIAS(1500),
BANIAS(1600),
BANIAS(1700),
DOTHAN(&cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_B0], 1400, "1.40"),
DOTHAN(&cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_B0], 1500, "1.50"),
DOTHAN(&cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_B0], 1600, "1.60"),
DOTHAN(&cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_B0], 1700, "1.70"),
DOTHAN(&cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_B0], 1800, "1.80"),
DOTHAN(&cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_B0], 2000, "2.00"),
DOTHAN(&cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_C0], 1867, "1.86"),

/* NULL model_name is a wildcard */
{ &cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_A1], NULL, 0, NULL },
{ &cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_A2], NULL, 0, NULL },
{ &cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_B0], NULL, 0, NULL },
{ &cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_C0], NULL, 0, NULL },

{ NULL, }
};
#undef _BANIAS
#undef BANIAS
#undef DOTHAN

[Gentree]

[albright]

[rschwarze]

you can test the vcore under windows with "centrino hardware control" and find out what sttings are best for your prcoessor. then change the vcore in the linux-kernel.
if you are interested i can mail you my speedstep-centrino.c file. put in in the kernelsource and recompile with your normal settings (just change the X86_SPEEDSTEP_CENTRINO_ACPI).

Then make a new entry in your bootmanager, and if your system doesn't start you can use the old kernel to boot.

I tried this hack with the kernelversions 2.6.11 and 2.6.12 (gentoo-sources) and it was very easy!

(There was no program like "centrino hardware control" under linux because only the kernel is allowed to change the vcore.)

[albright]

[BetterUnborn]

Hmm, very interesting for me, too.

But I can't get it working with my sonoma cntrino and pentium m 730 ... somehow kernel doesn't use the values from the table. In my kernel config, I have

[Devport]

I am in the same situation and try to achieve that with my nforce4 AMD64. Its another geek thing that can be done easily on windows only.

My findings as of yet were that to adjust the cpu voltage the way to go seems to be lmsensors. One needs a module for chipset / chip which sets the cpu voltage. Then there should be a writebale value "vcore" or similar with which one can set the voltage. For me that does not yet work because a pending lmsensors nforce4 patch has not yet been applied to the kernel and a compatible lm87 sensor does not permit to change vcore. But maybe theres a driver for Pentium-M / Intel Chipsets which allows to set vcore in which case one would have to use a patched version of cpufreqd which sets clock and voltage which can be found here

http://punnoor.de/linux_frameset.html
https://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-t-273047-highlight-atxp.html

However, changing the kernel voltage table probably is an easier way as long as it works.

[rschwarze]

you have to put X86_SPEEDSTEP_CENTRINO_ACPI to "no", because we want the kernel to use the speedstep file for the centrino.

have you change the entry of the sonoma to your values?

in the cpu-models section which you have posted there is no entry for your processor, i think.

edit: i think you should use 1599 mhz. because you have a frontside bus of 533 with a multiplikator of 3.
maybe this is the problem.

edit2: here my speedstep centrino datei. for the sonoma user: you have a frontsidebus of 533. all frequencies should be a multiple of 533. you can change the entry for the 1.87 ghz centrino, because that is a sonoma.

http://www.math.uni-bielefeld.de/~schwarze/speedstep-centrino.c

[albright]

I have the same problem as BetterUnborn. My modified
speedstep-centrino.c file compiles fine and the
kernel boots properly.

I do have X86_SPEEDSTEP_CENTRINO_ACPI=n set.

But the voltages are not being set. I told the
chip to run on .812 volts at 1100 mhz. In windows,
this instantly crashes the machine. But my
system works normally (pretty weird, *wanting*
your system to crash)

Here's my modified speedstep-centrino.c file. Maybe
somebody can spot what's wrong - why the system isn't
setting the voltages as per my table


#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/cpufreq.h>
#include <linux/config.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/compiler.h>

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_CENTRINO_ACPI
#include <linux/acpi.h>
#include <acpi/processor.h>
#endif

#include <asm/msr.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>
#include <asm/cpufeature.h>

#include "speedstep-est-common.h"

#define PFX "speedstep-centrino: "
#define MAINTAINER "Jeremy Fitzhardinge <jeremy@goop.org>"

#define dprintk(msg...) cpufreq_debug_printk(CPUFREQ_DEBUG_DRIVER, "speedstep-centrino", msg)


struct cpu_id
{
__u8 x86; /* CPU family */
__u8 x86_model; /* model */
__u8 x86_mask; /* stepping */
};

enum {
CPU_BANIAS,
CPU_DOTHAN_A1,
CPU_DOTHAN_A2,
CPU_DOTHAN_B0,
CPU_DOTHAN_C0,
};

static const struct cpu_id cpu_ids[] = {
[CPU_BANIAS] = { 6, 9, 5 },
[CPU_DOTHAN_A1] = { 6, 13, 1 },
[CPU_DOTHAN_A2] = { 6, 13, 2 },
[CPU_DOTHAN_B0] = { 6, 13, 6 },
[CPU_DOTHAN_C0] = { 6, 13, 8 },
};
#define N_IDS (sizeof(cpu_ids)/sizeof(cpu_ids[0]))

struct cpu_model
{
const struct cpu_id *cpu_id;
const char *model_name;
unsigned max_freq; /* max clock in kHz */

struct cpufreq_frequency_table *op_points; /* clock/voltage pairs */
};
static int centrino_verify_cpu_id(const struct cpuinfo_x86 *c, const struct cpu_id *x);

/* Operating points for current CPU */
static struct cpu_model *centrino_model[NR_CPUS];
static const struct cpu_id *centrino_cpu[NR_CPUS];

static struct cpufreq_driver centrino_driver;

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_SPEEDSTEP_CENTRINO_TABLE

/* Computes the correct form for IA32_PERF_CTL MSR for a particular
frequency/voltage operating point; frequency in MHz, volts in mV.
This is stored as "index" in the structure. */
#define OP(mhz, mv) \
{ \
.frequency = (mhz) * 1000, \
.index = (((mhz)/100) << | ((mv - 700) / 16) \
}

/*
* These voltage tables were derived from the Intel Pentium M
* datasheet, document 25261202.pdf, Table 5. I have verified they
* are consistent with my IBM ThinkPad X31, which has a 1.3GHz Pentium
* M.
*/

/* Ultra Low Voltage Intel Pentium M processor 900MHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_900[] =
{
OP(600, 844),
OP(800, 988),
OP(900, 1004),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Ultra Low Voltage Intel Pentium M processor 1000MHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1000[] =
{
OP(600, 844),
OP(800, 972),
OP(900, 988),
OP(1000, 1004),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Low Voltage Intel Pentium M processor 1.10GHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1100[] =
{
OP( 600, 956),
OP( 800, 1020),
OP( 900, 1100),
OP(1000, 1164),
OP(1100, 1180),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};


/* Low Voltage Intel Pentium M processor 1.20GHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1200[] =
{
OP( 600, 956),
OP( 800, 1004),
OP( 900, 1020),
OP(1000, 1100),
OP(1100, 1164),
OP(1200, 1180),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 1.30GHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1300[] =
{
OP( 600, 956),
OP( 800, 1260),
OP(1000, 1292),
OP(1200, 1356),
OP(1300, 1388),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 1.40GHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1400[] =
{
OP( 600, 956),
OP( 800, 1180),
OP(1000, 1308),
OP(1200, 1436),
OP(1400, 1484),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 1.50GHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1500[] =
{
OP( 600, 956),
OP( 800, 1116),
OP(1000, 1228),
OP(1200, 1356),
OP(1400, 1452),
OP(1500, 1484),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 1.60GHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1600[] =
{
OP( 600, 956),
OP( 800, 1036),
OP(1000, 1164),
OP(1200, 1276),
OP(1400, 1420),
OP(1600, 1484),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

/* Intel Pentium M processor 1.70GHz (Banias) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table banias_1700[] =
{
OP( 600, 956),
OP( 800, 1004),
OP(1000, 1116),
OP(1200, 1228),
OP(1400, 1308),
OP(1700, 1484),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};
#undef OP

/* Dothan processor datasheet 30218903.pdf defines 4 voltages for each
frequency (VID#A through VID#D) - this macro allows us to define all
of these but we only use the VID#C voltages at compile time - this may
need some work if we want to select the voltage profile at runtime. */

#define OP(mhz, mva, mvb, mvc, mvd) \
{ \
.frequency = (mhz) * 1000, \
.index = (((mhz)/100) << | ((mvc - 700) / 16) \
}

/* Intel Pentium M processor 733 / 1.10GHz (Dothan) */
static struct cpufreq_frequency_table dothan_1100[] =
{
OP( 600, 700, 700, 700, 700),
OP( 800, 748, 748, 748, 748),
OP( 900, 780, 780, 780, 780),
OP(1000, 812, 812, 812, 812),
OP(1100, 812, 812, 812, 812),
{ .frequency = CPUFREQ_TABLE_END }
};

#undef OP

#define _BANIAS(cpuid, max, name) \
{ .cpu_id = cpuid, \
.model_name = "Intel(R) Pentium(R) M processor " name "MHz", \
.max_freq = (max)*1000, \
.op_points = banias_##max, \
}
#define BANIAS(max) _BANIAS(&cpu_ids[CPU_BANIAS], max, #max)

#define DOTHAN(cpuid, max, name) \
{ .cpu_id = cpuid, \
.model_name = "Intel(R) Pentium(R) M Processor " name "GHz", \
.max_freq = (max)*1000, \
.op_points = dothan_##max, \
}

/* CPU models, their operating frequency range, and freq/voltage
operating points */
static struct cpu_model models[] =
{
_BANIAS(&cpu_ids[CPU_BANIAS], 900, " 900"),
BANIAS(1000),
BANIAS(1100),
BANIAS(1200),
BANIAS(1300),
BANIAS(1400),
BANIAS(1500),
BANIAS(1600),
BANIAS(1700),
DOTHAN(&cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_A1], 1100, "1.10"),
DOTHAN(&cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_A2], 1100, "1.10"),
DOTHAN(&cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_B0], 1100, "1.10"),
DOTHAN(&cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_C0], 1100, "1.10"),

/* NULL model_name is a wildcard */
{ &cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_A1], NULL, 0, NULL },
{ &cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_A2], NULL, 0, NULL },
{ &cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_B0], NULL, 0, NULL },
{ &cpu_ids[CPU_DOTHAN_C0], NULL, 0, NULL },

{ NULL, }
};
#undef _BANIAS
#undef BANIAS
#undef DOTHAN