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stefan11111
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Joined: 29 Jan 2023
Posts: 922
Location: Romania

Posted: Wed May 31, 2023 9:26 am Post subject: COMMON_FLAGS="-nostdlib"

I have tried to build a patched version of atk with -nostdlib.

Code:

COMMON_FLAGS="-O2 -pipe -march=native -flto=4 -nostdlib"

However, when I do that I get:

Code:

../atk-2.38.0/meson.build:1:0: ERROR: Executables created by c compiler x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-gcc are not runnable.

Any ideas how to fix this?
_________________
My overlay: https://github.com/stefan11111/stefan_overlay
INSTALL_MASK="/etc/systemd /lib/systemd /usr/lib/systemd /usr/lib/modules-load.d *udev* /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d *tmpfiles* /var/lib/dbus /usr/bin/gdbus /lib/udev"

GDH-gentoo
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Joined: 20 Jul 2019
Posts: 1569
Location: South America

Posted: Wed May 31, 2023 2:22 pm Post subject: Re: COMMON_FLAGS="-nostdlib"

stefan11111 wrote:

Code:

../atk-2.38.0/meson.build:1:0: ERROR: Executables created by c compiler x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-gcc are not runnable.

That's expected. Option -nostdlib prevents linking by default to the libc, and to the system startup files (*crt*.o) and helper libraries like libgcc. Making the resulting executables essentially unusable on what the C and C++ standards call a "hosted environment".

What did you think that you needed -nostdlib for?
_________________

NeddySeagoon wrote:

I'm not a witch, I'm a retired electronics engineer

Ionen wrote:

As a packager I just don't want things to get messier with weird build systems and multiple toolchains requirements though

stefan11111
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Joined: 29 Jan 2023
Posts: 922
Location: Romania

Posted: Wed May 31, 2023 8:13 pm Post subject: Re: COMMON_FLAGS="-nostdlib"

GDH-gentoo wrote:

stefan11111 wrote:

Code:

../atk-2.38.0/meson.build:1:0: ERROR: Executables created by c compiler x86_64-pc-linux-gnu-gcc are not runnable.

The patch I linked strips atk to a couple of functions and typedefs. I don't want to link this against libc if I don't have too.
I've had success in the past with such approaches.
_________________
My overlay: https://github.com/stefan11111/stefan_overlay
INSTALL_MASK="/etc/systemd /lib/systemd /usr/lib/systemd /usr/lib/modules-load.d *udev* /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d *tmpfiles* /var/lib/dbus /usr/bin/gdbus /lib/udev"

GDH-gentoo
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Joined: 20 Jul 2019
Posts: 1569
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Posted: Wed May 31, 2023 9:38 pm Post subject:

stefan11111 wrote:

I've had success in the past with such approaches.

It won't work if the build system tries to compile and run an executable with your supplied CFLAGS, as ATK's seemingly does. It works for your fake-libudev because its build system is just a makefile that doesn't try to run anything, it only builds a shared library that has no unresolved symbols.
_________________

NeddySeagoon wrote:

I'm not a witch, I'm a retired electronics engineer

Ionen wrote:

As a packager I just don't want things to get messier with weird build systems and multiple toolchains requirements though

pingtoo
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Joined: 10 Sep 2021
Posts: 991
Location: Richmond Hill, Canada

Posted: Thu Jun 01, 2023 12:24 am Post subject:

stefan11111, You may want to read about Hosted versus non-hosted (standalone) to understand what does it mean when using -nostdlib.

stefan11111
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Joined: 29 Jan 2023
Posts: 922
Location: Romania

Posted: Wed Jun 07, 2023 10:14 am Post subject:

I fixed the problem by replacing the meson build system with a Makefile. Seems nothing can beat that.
I changed the repo to this.

A comparison:

Code:

$ ls -lah /usr/lib64/libatk-1.0.so*
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 46K Jun 7 13:10 /usr/lib64/libatk-1.0.so
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Jun 7 13:10 /usr/lib64/libatk-1.0.so.0 -> libatk-1.0.so
-rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 78K May 21 16:54 /usr/lib64/libatk-1.0.so.0.bak

Code:

$ objdump -d /usr/lib64/libatk-1.0.so | wc -l
1887
$ objdump -d /usr/lib64/libatk-1.0.so | wc -l
1887

Code:

$ ldd /usr/lib64/*atk*
/usr/lib64/libatk-1.0.so:
statically linked
/usr/lib64/libatk-1.0.so.0:
statically linked
/usr/lib64/libatk-1.0.so.0.bak:
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffe2bfbc000)
libglib-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib64/libglib-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f93d5579000)
libgobject-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib64/libgobject-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f93d5518000)
libpcre2-8.so.0 => /lib64/libpcre2-8.so.0 (0x00007f93d547c000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f93d52a9000)
libffi.so.8 => /usr/lib64/libffi.so.8 (0x00007f93d529e000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f93d56e0000)

I also added an ebuild for it to my overlay.
When I emerge it, I get a warning I don't get if I emerge fake-libudev.

Code:

* QA Notice: The following shared libraries lack NEEDED entries
* /usr/lib64/libatk-1.0.so

Any idea how to fix this?
_________________
My overlay: https://github.com/stefan11111/stefan_overlay
INSTALL_MASK="/etc/systemd /lib/systemd /usr/lib/systemd /usr/lib/modules-load.d *udev* /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d *tmpfiles* /var/lib/dbus /usr/bin/gdbus /lib/udev"

GDH-gentoo
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Joined: 20 Jul 2019
Posts: 1569
Location: South America

Posted: Wed Jun 07, 2023 12:53 pm Post subject:

stefan11111 wrote:

When I emerge it, I get a warning I don't get if I emerge fake-libudev.

Code:

* QA Notice: The following shared libraries lack NEEDED entries
* /usr/lib64/libatk-1.0.so

Any idea how to fix this?

That's a Portage QA check, post the output of nm -D /usr/lib64/libatk-1.0.so.0. For your modified libatk, obviously.
_________________

NeddySeagoon wrote:

I'm not a witch, I'm a retired electronics engineer

Ionen wrote:

As a packager I just don't want things to get messier with weird build systems and multiple toolchains requirements though

stefan11111
l33t
l33t

Joined: 29 Jan 2023
Posts: 922
Location: Romania

Posted: Wed Jun 07, 2023 6:49 pm Post subject:

GDH-gentoo wrote:

stefan11111 wrote:

When I emerge it, I get a warning I don't get if I emerge fake-libudev.

Code:

* QA Notice: The following shared libraries lack NEEDED entries
* /usr/lib64/libatk-1.0.so

Any idea how to fix this?

That's a Portage QA check, post the output of nm -D /usr/lib64/libatk-1.0.so.0. For your modified libatk, obviously.

Code:

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U g_boxed_type_register_static
U g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__BOOLEAN
U g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__POINTER
U g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__UINT_POINTER
U g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__VOID
U g_dgettext
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U g_object_class_install_property
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U g_param_spec_enum
U g_param_spec_int
U g_param_spec_object
U g_param_spec_string
U g_return_if_fail_warning
U g_signal_new
U g_type_add_instance_private
U g_type_check_instance_is_a
U g_type_class_adjust_private_offset
U g_type_class_peek_parent
U g_type_interface_add_prerequisite
U g_type_register_static
U g_type_register_static_simple

_________________
My overlay: https://github.com/stefan11111/stefan_overlay
INSTALL_MASK="/etc/systemd /lib/systemd /usr/lib/systemd /usr/lib/modules-load.d *udev* /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d *tmpfiles* /var/lib/dbus /usr/bin/gdbus /lib/udev"

GDH-gentoo
Veteran
Veteran

Joined: 20 Jul 2019
Posts: 1569
Location: South America

Posted: Wed Jun 07, 2023 7:03 pm Post subject:

stefan11111 wrote:

Code:

U g_boxed_type_register_static
U g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__BOOLEAN
U g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__POINTER
U g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__UINT_POINTER
U g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__VOID
U g_dgettext
...
U g_intern_static_string
U g_object_class_install_property
U g_once_init_enter
U g_once_init_leave
U g_param_spec_double
U g_param_spec_enum
U g_param_spec_int
U g_param_spec_object
U g_param_spec_string
U g_return_if_fail_warning
U g_signal_new
U g_type_add_instance_private
U g_type_check_instance_is_a
U g_type_class_adjust_private_offset
U g_type_class_peek_parent
U g_type_interface_add_prerequisite
U g_type_register_static
U g_type_register_static_simple

You have undefined symbols; your modified code must still have references to those functions / objects / whatever they are (from GLib maybe?).
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Ionen wrote:

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stefan11111
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Posted: Wed Jun 07, 2023 7:11 pm Post subject:

GDH-gentoo wrote:

You have undefined symbols; your modified code must still have references to those functions / objects / whatever they are (from GLib maybe?).

You mean the U 's?
The unmodified atk has plenty of those too.

Code:

w __cxa_finalize@GLIBC_2.2.5
U dcgettext@GLIBC_2.2.5
U g_array_append_vals
U g_array_remove_index
U g_array_sized_new
U g_assertion_message_expr
U g_boxed_type_register_static
U g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__BOOLEAN
U g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__BOXED
U g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__INT
U g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__POINTER
U g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__UINT_POINTER
U g_cclosure_marshal_VOID__VOID
U g_dgettext
U g_enum_get_value
U g_enum_get_value_by_nick
U g_enum_register_static
U g_flags_register_static
U g_free
U g_hash_table_destroy
U g_hash_table_insert
U g_hash_table_lookup
U g_hash_table_new
U g_hash_table_new_full
U g_hash_table_remove
U g_int_equal
U g_intern_static_string
U g_int_hash
U g_log_structured_standard
U g_malloc
U g_malloc0
w __gmon_start__
U g_object_class_install_property
U g_object_get_property
U g_object_get_qdata
U g_object_new
U g_object_notify
U g_object_ref
U g_object_set_qdata
U g_object_unref
U g_object_weak_ref
U g_object_weak_unref
U g_once_init_enter
U g_once_init_leave
U g_param_spec_boolean
U g_param_spec_double
U g_param_spec_enum
U g_param_spec_int
U g_param_spec_object
U g_param_spec_string
U g_param_spec_value_array
U g_ptr_array_add
U g_ptr_array_free
U g_ptr_array_new
U g_ptr_array_remove
U g_ptr_array_sized_new
U g_quark_from_static_string
U g_quark_from_string
U g_realloc
U g_return_if_fail_warning
U g_signal_add_emission_hook
U g_signal_emit
U g_signal_lookup
U g_signal_new
U g_signal_remove_emission_hook
U g_slice_alloc
U g_slice_free1
U g_slist_free
U g_strdup
U g_strfreev
U g_strsplit
U g_strv_length
U g_type_add_instance_private
U g_type_add_interface_static
U g_type_check_class_is_a
U g_type_check_instance_is_a
U g_type_check_instance_is_fundamentally_a
U g_type_check_value
U g_type_class_adjust_private_offset
U g_type_class_peek
U g_type_class_peek_parent
U g_type_class_ref
U g_type_class_unref
U g_type_create_instance
U g_type_free_instance
U g_type_from_name
U g_type_interface_add_prerequisite
U g_type_interface_peek
U g_type_name
U g_type_parent
U g_type_register_static
U g_type_register_static_simple
U g_utf8_strlen
U g_value_array_append
U g_value_array_free
U g_value_array_get_nth
U g_value_array_new
U g_value_get_boxed
U g_value_get_enum
U g_value_get_object
U g_value_get_string
U g_value_init
U g_value_peek_pointer
U g_value_set_boolean
U g_value_set_boxed
U g_value_set_enum
U g_value_set_int
U g_value_set_object
U g_value_set_string
U g_value_unset
w _ITM_deregisterTMCloneTable
w _ITM_registerTMCloneTable
U setlocale@GLIBC_2.2.5
U __stack_chk_fail@GLIBC_2.4
U strcmp@GLIBC_2.2.5

GDH-gentoo
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Posted: Wed Jun 07, 2023 7:20 pm Post subject:

stefan11111 wrote:

You mean the U 's?

Yup.

stefan11111 wrote:

The unmodified atk has plenty of those too.

It has more, but more importantly, it specifies the set of shared libraries that should provide corresponding definitions because it was properly linked:

stefan11111 wrote:

Code:

/usr/lib64/libatk-1.0.so.0.bak:
linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffe2bfbc000)
libglib-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib64/libglib-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f93d5579000)
libgobject-2.0.so.0 => /usr/lib64/libgobject-2.0.so.0 (0x00007f93d5518000)
libpcre2-8.so.0 => /lib64/libpcre2-8.so.0 (0x00007f93d547c000)
libc.so.6 => /lib64/libc.so.6 (0x00007f93d52a9000)
libffi.so.8 => /usr/lib64/libffi.so.8 (0x00007f93d529e000)
/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f93d56e0000)

If you are going to use -nostdlib, you can't have undefined symbols. Not a single one.
_________________

NeddySeagoon wrote:

I'm not a witch, I'm a retired electronics engineer

Ionen wrote:

As a packager I just don't want things to get messier with weird build systems and multiple toolchains requirements though

stefan11111
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Posts: 922
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Posted: Wed Jun 07, 2023 9:47 pm Post subject:

Shouldn't those undefined symbols cause a linker error when building the shared library?
If I try to build something like this:

Code:

void main()
{
__asm__(".globl _start\n"
"_start:"
);
printf("Hello world!\n");
}

It fails with a linker error:

Code:

/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/13/../../../../x86_64-pc-linux-gnu/bin/ld: /tmp/cc3S4PKG.o: in function `_start':
ttt.c:(.text+0xf): undefined reference to `puts'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

What is going to happen if one of those undefined symbols gets called? Segfault?
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Hu
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Posts: 21852

Posted: Wed Jun 07, 2023 10:12 pm Post subject:

Undefined symbols in a shared library may or may not be fatal at link time, depending on whether the linker was told to make them fatal. If not fatal at link time, then they will be fatal at resolution time if no defined symbol can be found for them.

GDH-gentoo
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Posted: Wed Jun 07, 2023 11:32 pm Post subject:

stefan11111 wrote:

What is going to happen if one of those undefined symbols gets called? Segfault?

What Hu said. A link failure.

I did some tests with GCC. It will let you create a shared library without complaints:

Code:

$ cat test1.c
int some_other_function(void);

int some_function() {
return some_other_function();
}

$ gcc -fPIC -shared -Wl,-soname=test.so -nostdlib -o test.so test1.c && echo No problems here
No problems here

$ objdump -p test.so

test.so: file format elf64-x86-64

Program Header:
...

Dynamic Section:
SONAME test.so
GNU_HASH 0x0000000000000270
STRTAB 0x00000000000002e0
SYMTAB 0x0000000000000298
STRSZ 0x000000000000002b
SYMENT 0x0000000000000018
PLTGOT 0x0000000000004000
PLTRELSZ 0x0000000000000018
PLTREL 0x0000000000000007
JMPREL 0x0000000000000310

$ nm -D test.so
0000000000001020 T some_function
U some_other_function

It won't let you create an executable linked to such a library.

Code:

$ cat test2.c
int some_function(void);

int main() {
return some_function();
}

$ gcc -o test test2.c test.so
/usr/bin/ld: test.so: undefined reference to `some_other_function'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

_________________

NeddySeagoon wrote:

I'm not a witch, I'm a retired electronics engineer

Ionen wrote:

As a packager I just don't want things to get messier with weird build systems and multiple toolchains requirements though

stefan11111
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Posts: 922
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Posted: Wed Jun 14, 2023 10:59 am Post subject:

I looked a bit into different compiler optimization levels:
Here is what one empty function looks like.
With -O1, it produces this code, which is inefficient:

Code:

5090: b8 00 00 00 00 mov $0x0,%eax
5095: c3 ret

With -Os, it produces the xor(efficient) version of this:

Code:

5090: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax
5092: c3 ret

With -O2, -O3 and -Ofast, it adds some more stuff which I have no idea what it does:

Code:

5090: 31 c0 xor %eax,%eax
5092: c3 ret
5093: 66 66 2e 0f 1f 84 00 data16 cs nopw 0x0(%rax,%rax,1)
509a: 00 00 00 00
509e: 66 90 xchg %ax,%ax

What's this about? Also, isn't everything after ret ignored?

Also, I removed most of the undefined symbols.
These are the one I am left with as of now:

Code:

U g_object_class_install_property
U g_param_spec_object
U g_param_spec_string
U g_type_add_instance_private
U g_type_class_adjust_private_offset
U g_type_class_peek_parent
U g_type_register_static

If I leave them undefined and just live with that emerge warning, will there be any problems?
If programs will just fail with a linker warning if they are not linked against glib, there is no way to introduce other problems, like segfaults and security vulnerabilities.
It seems like the useful part of atk can be reduced to:

Code:

static void bloat()
{
}

long unsigned int
atk_object_get_type (void)
{
static long unsigned int type = 0;

if (!type)
{
static const GTypeInfo typeInfo =
{
sizeof (AtkObjectClass),
0,
0,
atk_object_class_init,
0,
0,
sizeof (AtkObject),
0,
bloat,
} ;
type = g_type_register_static (G_TYPE_OBJECT, "AtkObject", &typeInfo, 0) ;

AtkObject_private_offset =
g_type_add_instance_private (type, sizeof (AtkObjectPrivate));
}
return type;
}

static inline void*
atk_object_get_instance_private (AtkObject *self)
{
return (G_STRUCT_MEMBER_P (self, AtkObject_private_offset));
}

static void
atk_object_class_init (AtkObjectClass *klass)
{
GObjectClass *gobject_class = G_OBJECT_CLASS (klass);

parent_class = g_type_class_peek_parent (klass);

if (AtkObject_private_offset != 0)
g_type_class_adjust_private_offset (klass, &AtkObject_private_offset);

gobject_class->set_property = bloat;
gobject_class->get_property = bloat;
gobject_class->finalize = bloat;
gobject_class->notify = bloat;

klass->get_name = bloat;
klass->get_description = bloat;
klass->get_parent = bloat;
klass->get_n_children = 0;
klass->ref_child = 0;
klass->get_index_in_parent = 0;
klass->ref_relation_set = bloat;
klass->get_role = bloat;
klass->get_layer = bloat;
klass->get_mdi_zorder = 0;
klass->initialize = bloat;
klass->ref_state_set = bloat;
klass->set_name = bloat;
klass->set_description = bloat;
klass->set_parent = bloat;
klass->set_role = bloat;
klass->get_object_locale = bloat;

/*
* We do not define default signal handlers here
*/
klass->children_changed = 0;
klass->focus_event = 0;
klass->property_change = 0;
klass->visible_data_changed = 0;
klass->active_descendant_changed = 0;

g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class,
PROP_NAME,
g_param_spec_string (atk_object_name_property_name,
0,
0,
0,
G_PARAM_READWRITE));
g_object_class_install_property (gobject_class,
PROP_PARENT,
g_param_spec_object (atk_object_name_property_parent,
0,
0,
ATK_TYPE_OBJECT,
G_PARAM_READWRITE));
}

GDH-gentoo
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Posted: Thu Jun 15, 2023 9:37 am Post subject:

stefan11111 wrote:

I If I leave them undefined and just live with that emerge warning, will there be any problems?

Yes, see posts above yours.

stefan11111 wrote:

If programs will just fail with a linker warning if they are not linked against glib, there is no way to introduce other problems, like segfaults and security vulnerabilities.

Not warning, fatal failure. The build is aborted and you end up with no program at all.

stefan11111 wrote:

It seems like the useful part of atk can be reduced to:

Code:

...

Yeah. bloat() contains the important part :-P

_________________

NeddySeagoon wrote:

I'm not a witch, I'm a retired electronics engineer

Ionen wrote:

As a packager I just don't want things to get messier with weird build systems and multiple toolchains requirements though

stefan11111
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Posts: 922
Location: Romania

Posted: Thu Jun 15, 2023 11:49 am Post subject:

The more I look into Glib, the more I hate it:

Code:

struct _GObjectClass
{
GTypeClass g_type_class;

/*< private >*/
GSList *construct_properties;

/*< public >*/
/* seldom overridden */
GObject* (*constructor) (GType type,
guint n_construct_properties,
GObjectConstructParam *construct_properties);
/* overridable methods */
void (*set_property) (GObject *object,
guint property_id,
const GValue *value,
GParamSpec *pspec);
void (*get_property) (GObject *object,
guint property_id,
GValue *value,
GParamSpec *pspec);
void (*dispose) (GObject *object);
void (*finalize) (GObject *object);
/* seldom overridden */
void (*dispatch_properties_changed) (GObject *object,
guint n_pspecs,
GParamSpec **pspecs);
/* signals */
void (*notify) (GObject *object,
GParamSpec *pspec);

/* called when done constructing */
void (*constructed) (GObject *object);

/*< private >*/
gsize flags;

gsize n_construct_properties;

gpointer pspecs;
gsize n_pspecs;

/* padding */
gpointer pdummy[3];
};

Code:

typedef struct _GTypeClass GTypeClass;

Code:

struct _GTypeClass
{
/*< private >*/
GType g_type;
};

Code:

typedef gsize GType;

Code:

typedef unsigned long gsize;

So GObjectClass is struct _GObjectClass which has a member of type GTypeClass which is struct _GTypeClass which only has a member of type GType which is gsize which is unsigned long.
Why?
Why everything is scattered across so many files with so many levels of opacity?
Why does that struct have 3 pointer of padding? It's not like when people add char[n] to make use of padding that is already there. This is just there to waste memory.
Why do we need a typedef for a struct with a single member?
And worst of all, why do this travesty with function pointers? What is wrong with having functions and structs separate?
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GDH-gentoo
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Posted: Thu Jun 15, 2023 2:51 pm Post subject:

stefan11111 wrote:

Why?
Why everything is scattered across so many files with so many levels of opacity?
Why does that struct have 3 pointer of padding? It's not like when people add char[n] to make use of padding that is already there. This is just there to waste memory.
Why do we need a typedef for a struct with a single member?
And worst of all, why do this travesty with function pointers? What is wrong with having functions and structs separate?

That's how object-oriented programming style in a language that doesn't support it natively ends up looking like. It's support for classes and objects of class types 'hand-compiled' by a programmer to something that can be expressed in C.
_________________

NeddySeagoon wrote:

I'm not a witch, I'm a retired electronics engineer

Ionen wrote:

As a packager I just don't want things to get messier with weird build systems and multiple toolchains requirements though

stefan11111
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Posts: 922
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Posted: Thu Jun 15, 2023 3:22 pm Post subject:

GDH-gentoo wrote:

stefan11111 wrote:

That explains the function pointers, but why the typedefs? Why the extra 3 pointers of wasted space? Why all the wasted space? You don't need so much space and so many types.

Code:

typedef gint gboolean;

Why waste 4 bytes on a bool? Why define all these new types? What did the standard ones not accomplish?
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sMueggli
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Posts: 378

Posted: Thu Jun 15, 2023 4:00 pm Post subject:

stefan11111 wrote:

Code:

typedef gint gboolean;

Why waste 4 bytes on a bool? Why define all these new types? What did the standard ones not accomplish?

Why do you think, that 4 bytes are wasted for a bool? On a x86_64 system, the cpu register has a size of 64 bits and 4 bytes occupy only 32 bit (if one byte is defined as 8 bit).

I guess it is easier to change typedefs in a project.

And what are "the standard ones" for you?

sam_
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Posts: 1707

Posted: Thu Jun 15, 2023 4:03 pm Post subject:

glib also predates C99. They're working on moving to standard types too (https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/glib/-/issues/1484). _Bool vs int can also affect ABI.

stefan11111
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Posted: Thu Jun 15, 2023 4:51 pm Post subject:

sMueggli wrote:

stefan11111 wrote:

Code:

typedef gint gboolean;

Why waste 4 bytes on a bool? Why define all these new types? What did the standard ones not accomplish?

Why do you think, that 4 bytes are wasted for a bool? On a x86_64 system, the cpu register has a size of 64 bits and 4 bytes occupy only 32 bit (if one byte is defined as 8 bit).

Try it on x86_64:

Code:

int main() {
printf("%d\n", sizeof(int));
return 0;
}

gint is a int, not a pointer;

sMueggli wrote:

And what are "the standard ones" for you?

These:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_data_types
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sMueggli
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Posts: 378

Posted: Fri Jun 16, 2023 9:57 am Post subject:

Ok, I was digging a bit deeper.

With the Makefile

Code:

all: booleans_bin booleans_opt

booleans_bin: booleans.c
gcc -o booleans -Wall -Wpedantic booleans.c

booleans_opt: booleans.c
gcc -o booleans_opt -Wall -Wpedantic -O3 booleans.c

clean:
rm -rf *.o *~

and the code

Code:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {

typedef int gint;
typedef gint gboolean;

bool stdbool = 2 == argc;
gboolean glibbool = 3 == argc;

if (stdbool) {
puts("2");
}

if (glibbool) {
puts("3");
}

return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

Using radare2 resulted in

Code:

; DATA XREF from entry0 @ 0x1064(r)
┌ 87: int main (uint32_t argc, char **argv);
│ ; arg uint32_t argc @ rdi
│ ; arg char **argv @ rsi
│ ; var uint32_t var_4h @ rbp-0x4
│ ; var uint32_t var_5h @ rbp-0x5
│ ; var uint32_t var_14h @ rbp-0x14
│ ; var char **var_20h @ rbp-0x20
│ 0x00001165 55 push rbp
│ 0x00001166 4889e5 mov rbp, rsp
│ 0x00001169 4883ec20 sub rsp, 0x20
│ 0x0000116d 897dec mov dword [var_14h], edi ; argc
│ 0x00001170 488975e0 mov qword [var_20h], rsi ; argv
│ 0x00001174 837dec02 cmp dword [var_14h], 2
│ 0x00001178 0f94c0 sete al
│ 0x0000117b 8845fb mov byte [var_5h], al
│ 0x0000117e 837dec03 cmp dword [var_14h], 3
│ 0x00001182 0f94c0 sete al
│ 0x00001185 0fb6c0 movzx eax, al
│ 0x00001188 8945fc mov dword [var_4h], eax
│ 0x0000118b 807dfb00 cmp byte [var_5h], 0
│ ┌─< 0x0000118f 740f je 0x11a0
│ │ 0x00001191 488d056c0e00. lea rax, [0x00002004] ; u"23\u1b01\u3b03,"
│ │ 0x00001198 4889c7 mov rdi, rax ; const char *s
│ │ 0x0000119b e890feffff call sym.imp.puts ; int puts(const char *s)
│ │ ; CODE XREF from main @ 0x118f(x)
│ └─> 0x000011a0 837dfc00 cmp dword [var_4h], 0
│ ┌─< 0x000011a4 740f je 0x11b5
│ │ 0x000011a6 488d05590e00. lea rax, [0x00002006] ; "3"
│ │ 0x000011ad 4889c7 mov rdi, rax ; const char *s
│ │ 0x000011b0 e87bfeffff call sym.imp.puts ; int puts(const char *s)
│ │ ; CODE XREF from main @ 0x11a4(x)
│ └─> 0x000011b5 b800000000 mov eax, 0
│ 0x000011ba c9 leave
└ 0x000011bb c3 ret

and

Code:

;-- section..text:
; DATA XREF from entry0 @ 0x10a4(r)
┌ 49: int main (uint32_t argc);
│ ; arg uint32_t argc @ rdi
│ 0x00001050 4883ec08 sub rsp, 8 ; [14] -r-x section size 341 named .text
│ 0x00001054 83ff02 cmp edi, 2 ; argc
│ ┌─< 0x00001057 740c je 0x1065
│ │ 0x00001059 83ff03 cmp edi, 3 ; argc
│ ┌──< 0x0000105c 7415 je 0x1073
│ ││ ; CODE XREFS from main @ 0x1071(x), 0x107f(x)
│ ┌┌───> 0x0000105e 31c0 xor eax, eax
│ ╎╎││ 0x00001060 4883c408 add rsp, 8
│ ╎╎││ 0x00001064 c3 ret
│ ╎╎││ ; CODE XREF from main @ 0x1057(x)
│ ╎╎│└─> 0x00001065 488d3d980f00. lea rdi, [0x00002004] ; u"23\u1b01\u3b03," ; const char *s
│ ╎╎│ 0x0000106c e8bfffffff call sym.imp.puts ; int puts(const char *s)
│ └────< 0x00001071 ebeb jmp 0x105e
│ ╎│ ; CODE XREF from main @ 0x105c(x)
│ ╎└──> 0x00001073 488d3d8c0f00. lea rdi, [0x00002006] ; "3" ; const char *s
│ ╎ 0x0000107a e8b1ffffff call sym.imp.puts ; int puts(const char *s)
└ └───< 0x0000107f ebdd jmp 0x105e

And indeed, the "normal" compiled binary contains one instruction more for the "gboolean" part:

Code:

0x00001185 0fb6c0 movzx eax, al

I am not sure, but I guess, the performance of "mov byte trgt, src" and "mov dword trgt,src" is the same.

The "optimised" binary though does not contain a trace of the local variables. So there is no waste of "bytes".

stefan11111
l33t
l33t

Joined: 29 Jan 2023
Posts: 922
Location: Romania

Posted: Fri Jun 16, 2023 10:26 am Post subject:

Yours is a very specific use case of gboolean. I can live with 3 bytes of wasted memory. but what if I create a struct with a few gboolean members? Maybe a linked list with such elements. It's not just about 3 bytes. They add up. And also, why those 3 pointers of padding in struct _GObjectClass? Those aren't three bytes, on amd64 those are 24 bytes for each GObjectClass element. That really adds up. and it's a waste of space. _________________ My overlay: https://github.com/stefan11111/stefan_overlay INSTALL_MASK="/etc/systemd /lib/systemd /usr/lib/systemd /usr/lib/modules-load.d udev /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d tmpfiles /var/lib/dbus /usr/bin/gdbus /lib/udev"

sMueggli
Guru
Guru

Joined: 03 Sep 2022
Posts: 378

Posted: Fri Jun 16, 2023 1:27 pm Post subject:

stefan11111 wrote:

Yours is a very specific use case of gboolean.

Yes, indeed.

stefan11111 wrote:

I can live with 3 bytes of wasted memory.
but what if I create a struct with a few gboolean members? Maybe a linked list with such elements.
It's not just about 3 bytes. They add up.

If you are creating a struct, you are also responsible for the memory layout/alignment. If you take gbooleans, you might have your reasons (readability, ease of maintenance...). But you can also choose another approach which is more "resource-friendly" in one or another way.

Depending on the elements and the order, a struct may use more space due to padding.

stefan11111 wrote:

And also, why those 3 pointers of padding in struct _GObjectClass?
Those aren't three bytes, on amd64 those are 24 bytes for each GObjectClass element. That really adds up. and it's a waste of space.

I am not a C programmer and also not using glib. So I do not have any practical experience in this regard.

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