francoisd
n00b
Joined: 23 Jan 2015
Posts: 2
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 Posted: Fri Jan 23, 2015 12:16 pm Post subject: Cinnamon install without systemd howto |
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Hi all !
Coming from Debian & Linux Mint I wanted to avoid systemd & Ubuntu so I am beggining with Gentoo. Here I describe how I installed Cinnamon without systemd, after (long…) trys & errors… As I am new to Gentoo some things surely could be better done…! Cinnamon installed version is 2.2.16-r2, as today 2.4.5 is unstable with an amd64 machine.
During Gentoo install
I started with a new Gentoo install as described in the manual, with 2 changes in make.conf and package.mask described here: http://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Gentoo_Without_systemd. Thoses changes were made during Gentoo install before mounting /proc, /sys & /dev, and chrooting. I also added LINGUAS="fr" (french) to make.conf to get applications and Cinnamon localized. After chrooting and emerge-webrsync, I selected the desktop profile without gnome (default/linux/amd64/13.0/desktop) because gnome has systemd dependencies), for me n°3 profile. All the other steps where done according to the manual until reboot. I made a non-root user for computer ordinary use:
| Code: | | useradd -m -G users,wheel,audio,video,plugdev,usb,cdrw,cdrom -s /bin/bash userName |
X11 install
In /etc/portage/make.conf:
| Code: | VIDEO_CARDS="nouveau" #could be other as "radeon" for ATI card
INPUT_DEVICES="evdev synaptics" |
then
| Code: | emerge --ask xorg-server
env-update && source /etc/profile |
Nothing that Gentoo X11 manual doesn't say…
Sudo install
For the ordinary user to reboot or shutdown, we need sudo and some settings :
| Code: | | emerge --ask app-admin/sudo |
Then setting parameters with visudo:
| Code: | userName ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/reboot
userName ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/halt
userName ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/poweroff
userName ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/shutdown |
Or the same for wheel group users (didn't do):
| Code: | %wheel ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/reboot
%wheel ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/halt
%wheel ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/poweroff
%wheel ALL=(root) NOPASSWD: /sbin/shutdown |
I also uncommented this line, allowing to use sudo bash:
| Code: | | %wheel ALL=(ALL) ALL |
Cinnamon install
| Code: | USE="pulseaudio icu" emerge --ask cinnamon gtk+extra
emerge --ask xf86-video-modesetting polkit-gnome
emerge --ask app-crypt/mit-krb5 app-crypt/mit-krb5-appl |
I didn't take notes of all my trys & errors… but Cinnamon needs gtk+extra, xf86-video-modesetting & polkit-gnome. Not sure for mit-krb5 & mit-krb5-appl.
Some settings
X11 & Cinnamon need dbus & consolekit services, Cinnamon needs NetworkManager:
| Code: | rc-update add dbus default
rc-update add consolekit default
rc-update add NetworkManager default |
If needed before restart:
| Code: | /etc/init.d/consolekit start
/etc/init.d/dbus start
/etc/init.d/NetworkManager start |
I dont use a login manager and made a ~/.xinitrc file with:
| Code: | | exec cinnamon-session |
(startx to start Cinnamon).
For Grub to start kernel with modesetting, in /etc/default/grub:
| Code: | | GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="nouveau.modeset=1" # "nouveau" can be "radeon" for ATI cards |
then
| Code: | | grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg |
For an ordinary user to perform root only actions, we need to put a javascript file in /etc/polkit-1/rules.d, mine is named 55-allowing-actions.rules (see below). All actions list with pkaction. Feel free to add others if needed. With my file an user belonging to wheel group can shutdown, restart, hibernate, suspend, change colors profiles, use nano as root etc. in Cinnamon.
Theming
By default, Cinnamon comes with gnome icons, very too old fashion for me! Mint-X icons are there: https://github.com/linuxmint/mint-x-icons. You can unzip and put the icon set you want in /usr/share/icons, then make a cache for it (sample for Mint-X icons, there are also colored sets):
| Code: | | gtk-update-icon-cache /usr/share/icons/Mint-X |
After, select the icons in Cinammon. I also tried Mint-X theme (https://github.com/linuxmint/mint-themes/tree/master/usr/share/themes/Mint-X), putted in /usr/share/themes, with the result of a very unstable Cinnamon : not a good idea…
Text color in Cinnamon desktop is grey, not very readable, you can get white text by adding css rules in /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/gtk-3.0/gtk.css (file below).
Common applications
Merged usual gnome apps:
| Code: | | emerge --ask lxterminal eog gnome-calculator gnome-screenshot gnome-system-monitor file-roller evince |
Lxterminal requires no dependencies, gnome-terminal needs systemd, mate-terminal should install all Mate desktop environment…
Debugging
I am now with a very stable Cinnamon desktop. If problems you can start debugging cinnamon-session (exec cinnamon-session --debug in ~/.xinitrc), launching it via ssh to get Xorg messages. If Cinnamon can't launch, deleting cinnamon related item in your home directory (.cinnamon) is not enought, other directories must be deleted too before X restart: .cache, .config, .local & .gnome2. I could easily do all that because Cinnamon was my 1st installed application. So preserve .config and .local files for other apps if needed!
File /etc/polkit-1/rules.d/55-allowing-actions.rules
| Code: | /*
allowing rules added for users in wheel group
knowing actions: pkaction
fd january 2015
*/
// suspend, hibernate
polkit.addRule (function(action, subject)
{
if (action.id == "org.freedesktop.upower.hibernate" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.upower.suspend" &&
subject.isInGroup ("wheel"))
{
return polkit.Result.YES;
}
});
// shutdown, restart
polkit.addRule (function(action, subject)
{
if (action.id == "org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.stop" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.consolekit.system.restart" &&
subject.isInGroup ("wheel"))
{
return polkit.Result.YES;
}
});
// color management
polkit.addRule (function(action, subject)
{
if (action.id == "org.freedesktop.color-manager.create-device" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.color-manager.create-profile" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.color-manager.delete-device" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.color-manager.delete-profile" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.color-manager.device-inhibit" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.color-manager.modify-device" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.color-manager.modify-profile" &&
subject.isInGroup ("wheel"))
{
return polkit.Result.YES;
}
});
// media
polkit.addRule (function(action, subject)
{
if (action.id == "org.freedesktop.udisks2.eject-media" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.udisks2.filesystem-mount" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.udisks2.filesystem-mount-other-seat" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.udisks2.filesystem-mount-system" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.udisks2.filesystem-unmount-others" &&
subject.isInGroup ("wheel"))
{
return polkit.Result.YES;
}
});
// screen backlight
polkit.addRule (function(action, subject)
{
if (action.id == "org.cinnamon.settings-daemon.plugins.power.backlight-helper" &&
subject.isInGroup ("wheel"))
{
return polkit.Result.YES;
}
});
// network manager
polkit.addRule (function(action, subject)
{
if (action.id == "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.enable-disable-network" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.enable-disable-wifi" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.enable-disable-wwan" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.network-control" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.settings.modify.hostname" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.settings.modify.own" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.settings.modify.system" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.NetworkManager.sleep-wake" &&
subject.isInGroup ("wheel"))
{
return polkit.Result.YES;
}
});
// others
polkit.addRule (function(action, subject)
{
if (action.id == "org.freedesktop.locale1.set-keyboard" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.locale1.set-locale" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.timedate1.set-local-rtc" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.timedate1.set-ntp" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.timedate1.set-time" ||
action.id == "org.freedesktop.timedate1.set-timezone" ||
action.id == "org.cinnamon.settings-users" ||
action.id == "org.nemo.root" &&
subject.isInGroup ("wheel"))
{
return polkit.Result.YES;
}
}); |
File /usr/share/themes/Adwaita/gtk-3.0/gtk.css
| Code: | @import url("resource:///org/gnome/adwaita/gtk-main.css");
/* added content: */
.nemo-desktop.nemo-canvas-item {
color: #fff;
text-shadow: 1px 1px @desktop_item_text_shadow;
}
.nemo-desktop.nemo-canvas-item:selected {
background-color: alpha(#fff, 0.2);
background-image: none;
color: #FFFFFF;
text-shadow: none;
} |
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