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xunil
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PostPosted: Mon Jul 14, 2003 3:16 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

First of all, this configuration will not work since neither LILO nor GRUB can read from RAID-0. You'll need a partition for /boot to hold your kernel and bootloader files unless you plan to use a floppy for booting (an unreliable method at best). Second, there's no need to put your swap on a RAID-0 array since Linux swap supports "priorities." Make the Linux software RAID autodetect partitions you were going to use swap partitions (mark them as Linux swap partitions w/ fdisk and mkswap each partition) and then add pri=0 to the options column for each swap partition. This will assign the same priority to each swap partition, requiring the kernel to distribute the swap load across each swap partition evenly.
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fleed
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PostPosted: Mon Jul 14, 2003 4:10 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Quote:
i'm having trouble with step #6, the mkraid thingie.

Code:
cdimage root # mkraid /dev/md0
cannot determine md version: No such file or directory



Have you done
Code:
modprobe md
?
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jerome187
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PostPosted: Mon Jul 14, 2003 9:05 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

xunil wrote:
First of all, this configuration will not work since neither LILO nor GRUB can read from RAID-0. You'll need a partition for /boot to hold your kernel and bootloader files unless you plan to use a floppy for booting (an unreliable method at best). Second, there's no need to put your swap on a RAID-0 array since Linux swap supports "priorities." Make the Linux software RAID autodetect partitions you were going to use swap partitions (mark them as Linux swap partitions w/ fdisk and mkswap each partition) and then add pri=0 to the options column for each swap partition. This will assign the same priority to each swap partition, requiring the kernel to distribute the swap load across each swap partition evenly.


where do i add the pri=0 too? is that something in fdisk?
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PostPosted: Mon Jul 14, 2003 9:32 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

jerome187 wrote:
xunil wrote:
First of all, this configuration will not work since neither LILO nor GRUB can read from RAID-0. You'll need a partition for /boot to hold your kernel and bootloader files unless you plan to use a floppy for booting (an unreliable method at best). Second, there's no need to put your swap on a RAID-0 array since Linux swap supports "priorities." Make the Linux software RAID autodetect partitions you were going to use swap partitions (mark them as Linux swap partitions w/ fdisk and mkswap each partition) and then add pri=0 to the options column for each swap partition. This will assign the same priority to each swap partition, requiring the kernel to distribute the swap load across each swap partition evenly.


where do i add the pri=0 too? is that something in fdisk?


In the options column in your /etc/fstab. Gentoo puts a <opts> header over it. The default Gentoo configuration has just "sw" in the column for the one swap partition. You want yours to look like "sw,pri=0" for each of your four swap partitions.
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PostPosted: Tue Jul 15, 2003 1:29 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

i'm having trouble creating a rieserfs filesystem on raid0, it does its thing up to %80 and then dies. i tryed removing the last drive and trying again and it did the same thing. i;ve also waited for about half a hour and it still stayed at %80

???
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jerome187
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PostPosted: Thu Jul 17, 2003 6:24 am    Post subject: Reply with quote

could this be a power supply problem? I have 5 SCSI hard drives, 2 P2 233's, and 1 SCSI cdrom on a 350 watt PSU, could that be a problem?
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PostPosted: Thu Jul 17, 2003 1:05 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

jerome187 wrote:
could this be a power supply problem? I have 5 SCSI hard drives, 2 P2 233's, and 1 SCSI cdrom on a 350 watt PSU, could that be a problem?


Quite possibly. That or you might have duplicate SCSI IDs (although if that were the case, I'm not sure your SCSI adapter would even POST).
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PostPosted: Thu Jul 17, 2003 6:33 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

i'll disconnect 2 or 3 drives and try again. i'm pretty sure all my scsi ids are right, cause i had them messed up before and they drives wouldent post like you said.
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PostPosted: Tue Sep 09, 2003 4:17 am    Post subject: Just one thing I would add... Reply with quote

Sorry for resurrecting an old thread... but I just used it and it worked perfectly. Although I would add that you should emerge raidtools before you finish the install. I was tripped up for a little bit because I configured my mirror with a failed disk in the raidtab and when I went to add it later raidhotadd was not found.

My 2¢
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PostPosted: Wed Oct 08, 2003 3:37 am    Post subject: Always KERNEL PANIC Need YOUR Help.....please....... Reply with quote

:cry:

In the First, i've tried to implement/install software RAID in my new Gentoo box

if i success, i could implement/install Gentoo OS on EVMS2 smoothly..


Unfortunately, i've tried to implement it many days......
i always got Kernel panic error message when i boot from my SoftwareRAID kernel-image named "bzImage.swraid"......

‧Kernel panic error message
>%------>%-----CUT-OUT>%---->%------>%
EXT3-fs:unable to read superblock
EXT2-fs:unable to read superblock
isofs_read_super: bread failed , dev=09:02 , iso_blknum=16,block=32
romfs: unable to read superblock
read_super_block: bread failed (dev09:02,block 64,size 1024)
Kernel panic: VFS:Unable to mount root fs on 09:02
------------------END-------------------
:oops:


it kernel-image (bzImage.swraid) i was builded ,includes some of major kernel options as follow:


Multi-device support (RAID and LVM) --->


[*] Multiple devices driver support (RAID and LVM)
<*> RAID support
<*> RAID-0 (striping) mode
<*> RAID-1 (mirroring) mode
<*> RAID-4/RAID-5 mode
<*> Logical volume manager (LVM) support
<*> Device-mapper support (EXPERIMENTAL) (NEW)
<*> Bad Block Relocation Device Target
<*> Sparse Device Target



File systems --->


<*> Reiserfs support
[*] /dev file system support (EXPERIMENTAL)
[*] Automatically mount at boot
[ ] Debug devfs




i'm using ResierFS all of my gentoo box and my fstab and grub menu.lst as follow:
‧/etc/fstab
Quote:

/dev/md0 /boot reiserfs noauto,noatime 1 2
/dev/md2 / reiserfs noatime 0 1
/dev/md1 swap swap defaults,pri=1 0 0
/dev/md3 /raid reiserfs defaults 0 1

/boot/grub/menu.lst
Quote:

default 2
timeout 3
title=Gentoo Linux SoftwareRAID 2.4.20-r7
root (hd0,0)
kernel /boot/bzImage.swraid root=/dev/md2
md=0,/dev/hda1,/dev/hdb1
md=2./dev/hda3,/dev/hdb3



i'vd tried to trace problem by myself...but can not find any mistaken configurations......

i should NOT build devfs into kernel? since device name can not mapping from /dev/md* ?? :roll:

Do u wanna more infomation about my software RAID or EVMS configuration???

i'm happy to refer to u..... :roll:
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labrador
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PostPosted: Thu Oct 09, 2003 4:03 pm    Post subject: What about /proc? Reply with quote

I don't see an entry for proc in your /etc/fstab:


proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
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NicholasDWolfwood
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PostPosted: Fri Oct 10, 2003 7:39 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

Although I'm not too informed in the software RAID area, the kernel panic is because you cannot boot a software RAID0 array...the boot partition cannot be on a RAID0 array
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PostPosted: Wed Nov 26, 2003 9:53 pm    Post subject: Re: How to do a gentoo install on a software RAID Reply with quote

chatwood2 wrote:


Now we need to create the RAID drives so:

Code:
#mkraid /dev/md*


for all raid drives, where * is replaced by the device specified in the raidtab file.

I decided to put an ext2 filesystem on the /boot RAID drive:

Code:
#mke2fs /dev/md0



I followed these instructions and have problems. Im using SCSI disks, so I setup my /etc/raidtab as follows:

Code:

# /boot - RAID 1
raiddev                 /dev/md0
raid-level              1
nr-raid-disks           2
chunk-size              32
persistent-superblock   1
device                  /dev/sda1
raid-disk               0
device                  /dev/sdc1
raid-disk               1

# / - RAID 1
raiddev                 /dev/md1
raid-level              1
nr-raid-disks           2
chunk-size              32
persistent-superblock   1
device                  /dev/sda3
raid-disk               0
device                  /dev/sdc3
raid-disk               1

# /home - RAID 1
raiddev                 /dev/md2
raid-level              1
nr-raid-disks           2
chunk-size              32
persistent-superblock   1
device                  /dev/sda5
raid-disk               0
device                  /dev/sdc5
raid-disk               1

# /usr - RAID 1
raiddev                 /dev/md3
raid-level              1
nr-raid-disks           2
chunk-size              32
persistent-superblock   1
device                  /dev/sda6
raid-disk               0
device                  /dev/sdc6
raid-disk               1


sda1 is the same size as sdc1, and sda3 is the same size as sdc3, etc etc. (This machine initially was RedHat but Im switching over to Gentoo). I load the RAID module with modprobe. Then when I run mkraid /dev/md0, I get a warning saying that this partition already has an ext2 file-system on it. So I use the -f flag to force the initialisation of the RAID:

Code:

DESTROYING the contents of /dev/md0 in 5 seconds, Ctrl-C if unsure!
handling MD device /dev/md0
analyzing super-block
disk 0: /dev/sda1, 104391kB, raid superblock at 104320kB
disk 1: /dev/sdc1, 104391kB, raid superblock at 104320kB
md: md0: raid array is not clean -- starting background reconstruction
raid1: raid set md0 not clean; reconstructing mirrors


At this point the whole machine hangs and I see no drive lights and I cannot switch consoles. Im using the basic LiveCD to do this install. Any ideas? Anyone come across this before?
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PostPosted: Thu Nov 27, 2003 12:52 am    Post subject: Re: How to do a gentoo install on a software RAID Reply with quote

symbiat wrote:

I followed these instructions and have problems. Im using SCSI disks, so I setup my /etc/raidtab as follows:

Code:

# /boot - RAID 1
raiddev                 /dev/md0
raid-level              1
nr-raid-disks           2
chunk-size              32
persistent-superblock   1
device                  /dev/sda1
raid-disk               0
device                  /dev/sdc1
raid-disk               1


system on it. So I use the -f flag to force the initialisation of the RAID:

Code:

DESTROYING the contents of /dev/md0 in 5 seconds, Ctrl-C if unsure!
handling MD device /dev/md0
analyzing super-block
disk 0: /dev/sda1, 104391kB, raid superblock at 104320kB
disk 1: /dev/sdc1, 104391kB, raid superblock at 104320kB
md: md0: raid array is not clean -- starting background reconstruction
raid1: raid set md0 not clean; reconstructing mirrors


At this point the whole machine hangs and I see no drive lights and I cannot switch consoles. Im using the basic LiveCD to do this install. Any ideas? Anyone come across this before?


You appear to be trying to put /boot on md0 This will not work as you have no software RAID until the kernel is loaded. Make sure you have a separate /boot partition. Provided the md driver is built in to the kernel and your partitions are type fd autodetect you can use RAID for the / (root) partition.

But having said that you do not seem to have got that far. Check you formatting with fdisk and overwrite the beginning of the partition with
Code:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc1 bs=512 count=2
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda1 bs=512 count=2
 

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PostPosted: Mon Dec 01, 2003 2:55 am    Post subject: Re: How to do a gentoo install on a software RAID Reply with quote

slais-sysweb wrote:

You appear to be trying to put /boot on md0 This will not work as you have no software RAID until the kernel is loaded. Make sure you have a separate /boot partition. Provided the md driver is built in to the kernel and your partitions are type fd autodetect you can use RAID for the / (root) partition.


I want to use RAID 1 on /boot - I know RAID 0 doesn't work for LILO or Grub.
I am booting off the LiveCD - does this mean that the installation kernel doesn't support RAID on /boot?

slais-sysweb wrote:

But having said that you do not seem to have got that far. Check you formatting with fdisk and overwrite the beginning of the partition with
Code:

dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sdc1 bs=512 count=2
dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/sda1 bs=512 count=2
 


This is prob. a good idea.
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ZeroS
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PostPosted: Mon Dec 01, 2003 11:07 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

I'm also trying to get this to work.

/boot is RAID1
/ is RAID0

My raidtab
Code:


# /boot (RAID 1)
raiddev                 /dev/md0
        raid-level              1
        nr-raid-disks           2
        chunk-size              32
        persistent-superblock   1
        device                  /dev/hde1
        raid-disk               0
        device                  /dev/hdf1
        raid-disk               1 
# / (RAID 0)
raiddev                 /dev/md1
        raid-level      0
        nr-raid-disks   2
        persistent-superblock   1
        chunk-size      32
        device  /dev/hde2
        raid-disk       0
        device  /dev/hdf2
        raid-disk       1


My GRUB.conf
Code:

default 0
timeout 30
splashimage=(hd0,0)/boot/grub/splash.xpm.gz

title=Gentoo Linux/WOLK4.9s
root (hd0,0)
kernel (hd0,0)/kernel-2.4.20-wolk4.9s root=/dev/md1 vga=791 md=1,/dev/hde2,/dev/hdf2
initrd (hd0,0)/initrd-2.4.20-wolk4.9s


my fstab
Code:


# NOTE: If your BOOT partition is ReiserFS, add the notail option to opts.
/dev/md0                /boot           ext2            noauto,noatime  1 1
/dev/md1                /               reiserfs        noatime         0 0
/dev/hde3               none            swap            defaults,pri=0  0 0
/dev/hdf3               none            swap            defaults,pri=0  0 0
/dev/cdroms/cdrom0      /mnt/cdrom      iso9660         noauto,ro       0 0

# NOTE: The next line is critical for boot!
none                    /proc           proc            defaults        0 0

# glibc 2.2 and above expects tmpfs to be mounted at /dev/shm for
# POSIX shared memory (shm_open, shm_unlink).
# (tmpfs is a dynamically expandable/shrinkable ramdisk, and will
#  use almost no memory if not populated with files)
# Adding the following line to /etc/fstab should take care of this:

none                    /dev/shm        tmpfs           defaults        0 0


Now after rebooting I get hit with this ugly message

Code:

md: invalid raid superblock magic on ide/host0/bus1/target1/lun0/part2
md: ide/host0/bus1/target1/lun0/part2 has invalid sb, not imported
md: md_import_device returned -22
md: ide/host0/bus1/target1/lun0/part2's event counter: 00000004
md: former device ide/host0/bus1/target1/lun0/part2 is unavailble, removing from array!


After it the kernel panics because it cant mount /dev/md1.

I can raidstart /dev/md0 and /dev/md1 and mount them just fine from the LiveCD.
It must be something else, but I cant think of what. All of the RAID options are select and built into my kernel.
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PostPosted: Mon Dec 01, 2003 11:30 pm    Post subject: Re: How to do a gentoo install on a software RAID Reply with quote

symbiat wrote:

I want to use RAID 1 on /boot - I know RAID 0 doesn't work for LILO or Grub.
I am booting off the LiveCD - does this mean that the installation kernel doesn't support RAID on /boot?


Well, I've never tried using RAID for /boot. My assumption being that it is not possible to have software RAID without a kernel and that has to be loaded from a disk. True RAID 1 duplicates the disks so in principle you could boot from just one of the pair, but why complicate things? You only need to mount /boot to write a new kernel. As I only do that about twice a year I simply format two partitions as /boot, duplicate the content, and if anything goes wrong use a floppy boot disk to load from the spare disk. For a server that will only need rebooting for a new kernel that dosn't seem too much work.
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PostPosted: Tue Dec 02, 2003 1:18 am    Post subject: Re: How to do a gentoo install on a software RAID Reply with quote

slais-sysweb wrote:

Well, I've never tried using RAID for /boot. My assumption being that it is not possible to have software RAID without a kernel and that has to be loaded from a disk.


True, though RedHat allows you to do this quite easily.

slais-sysweb wrote:

True RAID 1 duplicates the disks so in principle you could boot from just one of the pair, but why complicate things? You only need to mount /boot to write a new kernel. As I only do that about twice a year I simply format two partitions as /boot, duplicate the content, and if anything goes wrong use a floppy boot disk to load from the spare disk. For a server that will only need rebooting for a new kernel that dosn't seem too much work.


I see your point - I will try it without RAID for /boot. I just assumed Gentoo would support everything RedHat does (and then some more :-).
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PostPosted: Wed Dec 03, 2003 1:05 am    Post subject: Re: How to do a gentoo install on a software RAID Reply with quote

symbiat wrote:

I see your point - I will try it without RAID for /boot. I just assumed Gentoo would support everything RedHat does (and then some more :-).


I did read the RAID howto that was based on Red-Hat. It appeared that it required an initial ram-disk to boot. So that would still need to be somewhere on a disk that did not rely on RAID.
I'm sure Gentoo can do everything with enough effort. But then my choice of Gentoo, espcially for servers, was very much motivated by the possibility of only installing what I really need.
The beauty of Gentoo is that after installing the system
Code:

emerge -pv ntp mysql apache mod_php
nano -w etc/make.conf
emerge ntp mysql apache mod_php

provide all that I need and nothing more.
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PostPosted: Wed Dec 03, 2003 1:19 am    Post subject: Re: How to do a gentoo install on a software RAID Reply with quote

slais-sysweb wrote:

I did read the RAID howto that was based on Red-Hat. It appeared that it required an initial ram-disk to boot. So that would still need to be somewhere on a disk that did not rely on RAID.


I have been using /boot on a RAID partition with Redhat on three servers with no problems. Disk Druid allows you to set this up.

slais-sysweb wrote:

I'm sure Gentoo can do everything with enough effort.


Im sure it can, but I think this is a chicken-and-egg type situation for Gentoo :-)

slais-sysweb wrote:

But then my choice of Gentoo, espcially for servers, was very much motivated by the possibility of only installing what I really need. The beauty of Gentoo is that after installing the system:
Code:

emerge -pv ntp mysql apache mod_php
nano -w etc/make.conf
emerge ntp mysql apache mod_php

provide all that I need and nothing more.


I understand all this - this is one reason why Im switching. I generally build stuff myself from source for my servers precisely because I did not want to rely on the vendor for updates and patches. So all my RAID'ed RadHat servers run custom builds of Apache, PHP and MySQL (also qmail + vpopmail + Courier IMAP). I just prefer to work from source for important stuff - you can blame my BSD background!
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PostPosted: Thu Dec 04, 2003 3:41 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

I was just curious what people thought I should to with my system.
Dell Precision™ WorkStation 420
Dual p3@866MHz
512MB Rambus 800
4x36 GB scsi 10k (on the same controller) "ch A"
&
Sun D130 w/ 3x36GB scsi 10k "ch B"

I like the idea of raid, but I also like LVM (so I can create multiple file systems and resize) /usr /var /opt /home /usr/local /tmp (maybe /usr/portage) BUT, I also will want to use 2.6 kernel at sometime. Any recommendations? Is lvm --> lvm2 easy transition and will lvm2 work back with 2.4 kernel? Should I go with evms on top of raid.

This is my "everything box" internet, work, GAMES! Does anyone have any suggestions what you would do with this kind of setup? I don't know how much I will use the D130, might just be backups and extra's like mp3's or something. Anyway, I'm all :ears:

Thank you,
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PostPosted: Mon Dec 15, 2003 2:43 am    Post subject: Re: Using RAID-0 for / Reply with quote

xunil wrote:
Some folks who don't mind losing their system in case of disk failure or who buy more reliable disks than retail or OEM IDE drives :P might be interested in using RAID-0 on / for maximum performance. This doesn't "just work" like it does w/ RAID-1; instead you must provide some information to the kernel on the boot command line to jump-start the RAID-0 array so the kernel can mount it. At the end of your kernel line in your /boot/grub/grub.conf file, append something like the following:

Code:
md=0,/dev/hda1,/dev/hdc1


Let me explain this so you can write your own for your personal configuration: 0 is the md device which you'll be jump-starting (in this case, 0). Following your md device number is a comma-seperated list of the devices which make up that md device (in this case, /dev/hda1 and /dev/hdc1). So, let's say your md device which you want to mount as / is 2 which corresponds to /dev/md2, and /dev/md2 is composed of /dev/hda3, /dev/hdc2, and /dev/hde1. Here's what you'd append to your kernel line in /boot/grub/grub.conf:

Code:
md=2,/dev/hda3,/dev/hdc2,/dev/hde1


One caveat: these instructions only work if your md device uses a persistent superblock. If not (there's no reason not to, BTW), read /usr/src/linux/Documentation/md.txt.


If this were added to the original How-To in the first post it would be very helpful. I have been caught up on this for a day....

Thanks for the great community guys. On our 2 X 40gb maxtor 133 drives we are getting 80+mb/s on dd and hdparm tests. Great option for increased i/o without expensive hardware.

Brian
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bryon
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PostPosted: Mon Dec 15, 2003 7:01 pm    Post subject: data loss Reply with quote

I am thrying to recover a raid aray with out destroying the data. My file server had been humming along for a while just fine and then I rebotted it to update the kernel. Apon rebooting it I got a kernel panic, so i trited to switch to the old kernel and that one did not want to work so now I am trying to restart it from the install cd. I have the orginal /etc/raidtab inserted. But i get neverous when it says DESTROYING the contents of /dev/md. Should i do this, will i loose any of my data?

I have inserted the /etc/raidtab and am about to #mkraid /dev/md* but it says that it is about to DESTROYING the contents of /dev/md so i cancled it
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BrianW
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PostPosted: Mon Dec 15, 2003 10:04 pm    Post subject: Reply with quote

What raid level are you running? If you are running raid 0, and have no backup, I feel for you. Sorry not to be of any help, as I am such a noob with this linux software raid stuff.... But a word to the wise: If you run raid 0, and care about your data, make a backup regurlarly.

Brian
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edge3281
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PostPosted: Fri Feb 27, 2004 8:43 pm    Post subject: problem with grub Reply with quote

I am having a problem with grub. When try to boot my machine normally it just hangs at grub and won't let me do anything. The keyboard doesn't even respond. I am doing a raid on /boot could that be the problem? I have double and tripple check all of my config files and they match the howto with the exception that I just /dev/md1 instead of /dev/md2 for the / raid.

Any ideas as to why this might happen this way?

Thanks
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